A new duplex qPCR-based method to quantify Mycoplasma mycoides in complex cell culture systems and host tissues.

Bacterial pathogen-host interactions are a complex process starting with adherence and colonization followed by a variety of interactions such as invasion or cytotoxicity on one hand and pathogen recognition, secretion of proinflammatory/antibacterial substances and enhancing the barrier function of epithelial layers on the other hand. Therefore, a variety of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models have been established to investigate these interactions. Some in vitro models are composed of different cell types and extracellular matrices such as tissue explants or precision cut lung slices.

Avoiding Prostate Biopsies in Patients at Low Risk for Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Evaluation of a PSA-Density-Based Safety Net.

Introduction And Objectives: Decision-making to perform prostate biopsy should include individual risk assessment. Patients classified as low risk by the Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator are advised to forego biopsy (PBx). There is concern about missing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

How Many Cores Should Be Sampled during Systematic Prostate Biopsy in Case of Negative Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Analysis of 274 Men with Clinical Suspicion of Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the number of cores needed in a systematic biopsy (SB) in men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) but negative prebiopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and to test prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density as an indicator for reduced SB.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy-four patients were analyzed, extracted from an institutional database. Detection rates of any PCa and clinically significant (CS) PCa for different reduced biopsy protocols were compared by using Fisher's exact test.

[Medical emergencies during running events].

Background: The number of short- and long-distance running events in Germany is increasing. Running as a popular sport is practiced by a large number of people of different ages, risk groups, and degrees of professionalism, which results in a wide range of medical emergencies.

Objective: The present article elucidates incidence, pathophysiology and therapy of relevant emergencies during running events.

Comparison of prostate cancer detection rates in patients undergoing MRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy with two different software-based systems.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy is a routinely used diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, a clear superiority of the optimal approach for software-based MRI processing during biopsy procedures is still unanswered. To investigate the impact of robotic approach and software-based image processing (rigid vs.

Psychosocial Distress in the Early Recovery Period after Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate psychosocial distress in the context of continence and oncological outcome during the early recovery period after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Retrospectively collected data from 587 patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation after RP in 2016 and 2017 were analyzed. Psychosocial distress (measured by using a Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients [QSC-R10]) and continence status (urine loss on a 24-h pad test and urine volume on uroflowmetry) were evaluated at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of a 3-week inpatient rehabilitation.

Identification of patients at risk for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy with intra-operative frozen section.

Objective: To identify patients at risk for biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP) with intra-operative whole-mount frozen section (FS) of the prostate.

Material And Methods: We examined differences in BCR between patients with initial negative surgical margins at FS, patients with final negative surgical margins with initial positive margins at FS without residual PCa after secondary tumour resection, and patients with final negative surgical margins with initially positive margins at FS with residual PCa in the secondary tumour resection specimen. Institutional data of 883 consecutive patients undergoing RP were collected.

Probability of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis following Negative Systematic and Targeted MRI: Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy: A Real-Life Observational Study.

Introduction: The risk of occult prostate carcinoma (PCa) after negative multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-transrectal fusion biopsy (F-Bx) is unknown. To determine the false-negative predictive value, we examined PCa detection after prior negative F-Bx.

Methods: Between December 2012 and November 2016, 491 patients with suspected PCa and suspicious mpMRI findings underwent transrectal F-Bx.

PROPOSe: A Real-life Prospective Study of Proclarix, a Novel Blood-based Test to Support Challenging Biopsy Decision-making in Prostate Cancer.

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based detection of prostate cancer (PCa) often leads to negative biopsy results or detection of clinically insignificant PCa, more frequently in the PSA range of 2-10 ng/ml, in men with increased prostate volume and normal digital rectal examination (DRE).

Objective: This study evaluated the accuracy of Proclarix, a novel blood-based diagnostic test, to help in biopsy decision-making in this challenging patient population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Ten clinical sites prospectively enrolled 457 men presenting for prostate biopsy with PSA between 2 and 10 ng/ml, normal DRE, and prostate volume ≥35 cm.

Changing the Prostate Cancer Detection Paradigm: Clinical Application of European Association of Urology Guideline-recommended Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Risk Stratification in Men with Suspected Prostate Cancer.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 allows for a personalized, risk-stratified approach to indicating prostate biopsies (PBx) in order to reduce PBx and concomitant complications in men with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). One way to achieve this goal is to implement the risk-stratified pathway (RSP) using the Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator.

Natural selection supports escape from concerted evolution of a recently duplicated CEACAM1 paralog in the ruminant CEA gene family.

Concerted evolution is often observed in multigene families such as the CEA gene family. As a result, sequence similarity of paralogous genes is significantly higher than expected from their evolutionary distance. Gene conversion, a "copy paste" DNA repair mechanism that transfers sequences from one gene to another and homologous recombination are drivers of concerted evolution.

Institutional Adoption and Apprenticeship of Fusion Targeted Prostate Biopsy: Does Experience Affect the Cancer Detection Rate?

Introduction: There are limited data on the learning curve of magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound (MRI/TRUS)-fusion targeted prostate biopsies (tBx).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate between an experienced urologist and novice resident performing tBx.

Methods: A total of 183 patients underwent tBx from 2012 to 2016 for a total of 518 tBx cores.

Association between Development of Metabolic Acidosis and Improvement of Urinary Continence after Ileal Neobladder Creation.

Purpose: Ileal neobladder construction is a common choice for orthotopic urinary diversion following radical cystectomy. We investigated risk factors for metabolic acidosis during the early recovery period.

Materials And Methods: This study relied on retrospectively collected data on 345 patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation after radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder construction for bladder cancer between January 2014 and March 2017.

Salvage lymph node dissection in hormone-naïve men: How effective is surgery?

Objective: Salvage lymph node dissection (SLND) is still a questionable treatment approach for patients with nodal recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. We assessed the oncological benefit after SLND in hormone-naïve patients as well as the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning.

Material And Methods: The study relied on retrospective collected data of 43 hormone-naïve men who received transperitoneal SLND between February 2011 and March 2017 at our institution.

Host-Pathogen Interactions of in Caprine and Bovine Precision-Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) Models.

Respiratory infections caused by mycoplasma species in ruminants lead to considerable economic losses. Two important ruminant pathogens are subsp. (), the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and subsp.

Langerhans Cells Sense Wall Teichoic Acid through Langerin To Induce Inflammatory Responses.

is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections and aggravator of the inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD [eczema]). Epicutaneous exposure to induces Th17 responses through skin Langerhans cells (LCs), which paradoxically contribute to host defense but also to AD pathogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between and LCs are poorly understood.

The cryo-EM structure of a 12-subunit variant of RNA polymerase I reveals dissociation of the A49-A34.5 heterodimer and rearrangement of subunit A12.2.

RNA polymerase (Pol) I is a 14-subunit enzyme that solely transcribes pre-ribosomal RNA. Cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures of Pol I initiation and elongation complexes have given first insights into the molecular mechanisms of Pol I transcription. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of yeast Pol I elongation complexes (ECs) bound to the nucleotide analog GMPCPP at 3.

Contemporary perceptions of human papillomavirus and penile cancer: Perspectives from a national survey.

Introduction: We aimed to assess the contemporary knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with penile cancer in a nationwide cohort from the U.S.

Methods: We used the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a cross-sectional telephone survey performed in the U.

The cryo-EM resolution revolution and transcription complexes.

Direct electron detector technology combined with improved imaging processing procedures has dramatically increased the resolution that can be obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. These developments-often referred to as the `resolution revolution' in cryo-EM-have had a profound impact on the structural biology of transcription as they allow the determination of atomic or near-atomic resolution structures of very large, flexible and often transient transcription complexes that in many cases had resisted crystal structure determination for decades. In this review, we will discuss recent advances and breakthroughs in the structural biology of transcription complexes enabled by the revolution in cryo-electron microscopy with particular focus on eukaryotic RNA polymerases and their pre-initiation complexes, but also chromatin remodelers and epigenetic regulators.

Alternative splicing after gene duplication drives CEACAM1-paralog diversification in the horse.

Background: The CEA gene family is one of the most rapidly evolving gene families in the human genome. The founder gene of the family is thought to be an ancestor of the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule CEACAM1. Comprehensive analyses of mammalian genomes showed that the CEA gene family is subject to tremendous gene family expansion and contraction events in different mammalian species.

De novo neurogenic bladder dysfunction after salvage lymph node dissection in patients with nodal recurrence of prostate cancer.

Aims: To examine the impact of Salvage lymph node dissection (SLND) on bladder function and oncological outcome in hormone naïve patients with nodal recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: In a prospective study between October 2015 and November 2016, 20 patients underwent transperitoneal SLND for nodal recurrence of PCa after RP at our institution. Standardized urodynamics were performed pre- and postoperatively after 6 weeks, 3, and 6 to 12 months.

Impact of testosterone replacement therapy on thromboembolism, heart disease and obstructive sleep apnoea in men.

Objectives: To assess the association of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) with thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease (stroke, coronary artery disease and heart failure) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

Methods: A cohort of 3 422 male US military service members, retirees and their dependents, aged 40-64 years, was identified, who were prescribed TRT between 2006 and 2010 for low testosterone levels. The men in this cohort were matched on a 1:1 basis for age and comorbidities to men without a prescription for TRT.

Widespread use of internet, applications, and social media in the professional life of urology residents.

Introduction: Digital media have revolutionized communication and information dissemination in healthcare. We aimed to quantify and evaluate professional digital media use among urology residents.

Methods: We designed a 17-item survey to assess usage and perceived usefulness of digital media, as well as communication type and device type and distributed it via email to 143 Canadian and 721 German urology residents.

The association of hypoalbuminemia with early perioperative outcomes - A comprehensive assessment across 16 major procedures.

Background: Poor nutritional status is thought to influence peri- and postoperative outcomes. We assessed the association of hypoalbuminemia, a surrogate for poor nutritional status, with perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing one of 16 major surgical procedures.

Methods: Patients undergoing one of 16 major surgeries were identified using the ACS-NSQIP (2005-2011).