Neurotransmitters' white matter mapping unveils the neurochemical fingerprints of stroke.

Distinctive patterns of brain neurotransmission frame determinant circuits for behavior. Understanding the relationship between their damage and the cognitive impairment provoked by brain lesions could provide insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutics of disabling disorders, like stroke. Yet, the challenges of neurotransmitter circuits mapping in vivo have hampered this investigation.

Comprehensive proteomics metadata and integrative web portals facilitate sharing and integration of LINCS multiomics data.

The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), an NIH Common Fund program, has cataloged and analyzed cellular function and molecular activity profiles in response to >80,000 perturbing agents that are potentially disruptive to cells. Because of the importance of proteins and their modifications to the response of specific cellular perturbations, four of the six LINCS centers have included significant proteomics efforts in the characterization of the resulting phenotype. This manuscript aims to describe this effort and the data harmonization and integration of the LINCS proteomics data discussed in recent LINCS papers.

Socioeconomic position and risk of cervical cancer in the Nordic countries: Results from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study.

The Nordic countries benefited from declines in cervical cancer incidence rates due to the implementation of screening programmes. However, it is unclear whether all social groups have equally benefited from these preventive services. We provide an assessment of the temporal trends in cervical cancer incidence by socioeconomic position (SEP) in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden, using data from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study.

Plasma miR-145-5p Levels and Risk of Future Cancer-Results from the HUNT Study.

MicroRNA-145-5p (miR-145) has been reported to regulate multiple oncogenes and is considered a tumor suppressor. However, it remains unknown whether the level of plasma miR-145 can serve as a risk biomarker for future cancer. Using a population-based cohort ( = 1740) derived from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), we investigated whether plasma miR-145 levels were associated with (1) first life-time cancer, (2) cancer stage at diagnosis, and (3) 2-year all-cause mortality after cancer diagnosis.

Spatial-Temporal Diversity of Extrachromosomal DNA Shapes Urothelial Carcinoma Evolution and Tumor-Immune Microenvironment.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) presents a promising target for cancer therapy; however, its spatial-temporal diversity and influence on tumor evolution and the immune microenvironment remain largely unclear. We apply computational methods to analyze ecDNA from whole-genome sequencing data of 595 urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients. We demonstrate that ecDNA drives clonal evolution through structural rearrangements during malignant transformation and recurrence of UC.

A quantitative solar ultraviolet radiation job-exposure matrix for Europe.

Introduction: Outdoor workers are exposed to high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR causes skin cancer and is a risk factor for cataract and other short- and long-term health effects, but there are significant knowledge gaps regarding the exposure-response relations based on quantitative measures of UVR exposure. We developed a quantitative UVR job-exposure matrix (JEM) for the general working population of Europe.

Lost earnings among triptan non-responders in the general population of Denmark: a measure of disproportionate migraine-attributed burden and of unrecognised and unmet treatment need.

Aims: Migraine leads to substantial healthcare utilization and associated costs. However, much higher costs are attributed to lost productivity. The impact of effective migraine treatment on these costs, at the individual level, has not been well established.

Pharmaceutical-Related Poisonings in Greenland.

The Danish Poison Information Centre (DPIC) received 1827 enquiries from Greenland in the period 2007-2022. The risk and the treatment of poisonings in Greenland are potentially different from those in Denmark. The use and availability of medicines, the ethnicity and the vicinity of health care are different in Greenland compared with Denmark.

Influence of landscape characteristics and submerged aquatic vegetation on sediment carbon and nitrogen storage in shallow brackish water habitats.

While marine seagrass habitats are acknowledged as sinks for carbon and nutrients, much less is known about sequestration in brackish-water vegetation. Here, we quantify the amount of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (TN) in shallow bay sediments (0-25 cm) in the brackish Baltic Sea and assess how it varies with morphometric isolation from the sea, catchment characteristics and abundance of brackish-water vegetation. The sedimentary C and TN content per surface area varied across the bay isolation gradient (mean C: 2500-4600 g/m; mean TN: 320-570 g/m), with enclosed bays having the highest percentage content of C and TN, but low sediment density (< 0.

Pathophysiology of Alopecia Areata in the Pediatric Patient.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune non-scarring hair loss that arises in genetically susceptible individuals, potentially in combination with environmental triggers or inciting events, of which the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. Genome wide association studies have demonstrated an association between AA and variants in HLA haplotypes on chromosome 6 which correlate with other autoimmune conditions as well as other gene variants. Familial and twin studies also confer additional evidence to a genetic component.

Night shift work and breast cancer risk - 2023 update of epidemiologic evidence.

Introduction: Night shift work is a complex and frequent occupational exposure, and breast cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer in women. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has twice classified night shift work as a probable breast carcinogen, with the latest classification in June 2019. Since that time, new epidemiologic data has emerged.

Targeting the PDK/PDH axis modulates neutrophil and smooth muscle cell pathological responses and prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm formation.

Aims: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition where inflammation plays a key role. Currently, AAA treatment relies exclusively on surgical interventions, and no guideline drug therapy to prevent aneurysm growth or rupture is available. Pharmacological reprogramming of immune cell metabolism, through the modulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase/pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDK/PDH) axis, has been identified as an attractive strategy to combat inflammation.

MBCO PathNet: Integration and visualization of networks connecting functionally related pathways predicted from transcriptomic and proteomic datasets.

Our desktop application MBCO PathNet allows for quick and easy integration and visualization of networks of functionally related pathways predicted from numerous gene and protein lists using the Molecular Biology of the Cell Ontology (MBCO) and other ontologies. Within networks of hierarchical parent-child relationships or functional relationships, pathways are visualized as pie charts where each slice represents a dataset that predicted that pathway. Sizes of pies and slices can be selected to represent statistical significance or other quantitative measures.

The global stress response regulator in an adherent-invasive strain attenuates experimental colitis.

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in humans and experimental immune-mediated colitis in mice are likely due in part to overactive immune responses to resident intestinal bacteria, including certain strains of adherent-invasive () such as NC101. We have previously shown that specific NC101 stress responses are upregulated during experimental colitis and attenuate inflammation. However, the roles of broader stress response pathways in NC101 during experimental colitis are unknown.

Search for Magnetic Monopole Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC.

This Letter presents a search for highly ionizing magnetic monopoles in 262  μb^{-1} of ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collision data at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36  TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. A new methodology that exploits the properties of clusters of hits reconstructed in the innermost silicon detector layers is introduced to study highly ionizing particles in heavy-ion data.

Benchmarking macaque brain gene expression for horizontal and vertical translation.

The spatial patterning of gene expression shapes cortical organization and function. The macaque is a fundamental model organism in neuroscience, but the translational potential of macaque gene expression rests on the assumption that it is a good proxy for patterns of corresponding proteins (vertical translation) and for patterns of orthologous human genes (horizontal translation). Here, we systematically benchmark regional gene expression in macaque cortex against (i) macaque cortical receptor density and in vivo and ex vivo microstructure and (ii) human cortical gene expression.

[Improved glycemic control of children and youth with type 1 diabetes in Iceland in 2008-2022].

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells causing hyperglycemia. Insulin treatment targeting euglycemia mitigates complications. This study aims to assess glycemic control in Icelandic children with diabetes over the past 14 years and examine the impact of a semi-automatic insulin pump.

Histo-blood group ABO system transferase plasma levels and risk of future venous thromboembolism: The HUNT Study.

The non-O blood group is a well-established risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the association between plasma levels of the histo-blood group ABO system transferase (BGAT), the gene product of the ABO locus, and VTE risk remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma BGAT levels and risk of future VTE, and whether this relationship was mediated by plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) or coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) as VWF is glycosylated by BGAT.

Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index in Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Embolism.

: The pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) is an emerging marker of right ventricular (RV) injury but has not been well investigated in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We aimed to investigate its discriminatory capabilities and ability to detect therapeutic effects in acute PE and CTEPH. : This was a secondary analysis of data from both experimental studies of autologous PE and human studies of acute PE and CTEPH.

Intranasal recombinant protein subunit vaccine targeting TLR3 induces respiratory tract IgA and CD8 T cell responses and protects against respiratory virus infection.

Background: Intranasal vaccines against respiratory viruses are desired due to ease of administration and potential to protect against virus infection of the upper respiratory tract.

Methods: We tested a cationic liposomal adjuvant delivering the TLR3 agonist Poly (I:C) (CAF®09b) for intranasal administration, by formulating this with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric protein and assessing airway mucosal immune responses in mice. The vaccine was further evaluated in SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge models, using mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor and Syrian hamsters.

Comparison of cable bacteria genera reveals details of their conduction machinery.

Cable bacteria are centimeter-long multicellular bacteria conducting electricity through periplasmic conductive fibers (PCFs). Using single-strain enrichments of the genera Electrothrix and Electronema we systematically investigate variations and similarities in morphology and electrical properties across both genera. Electrical conductivity of different PCFs spans three orders of magnitude warranting further investigations of the plasticity of their conduction machinery.

Enhanced Resistance of Zwitterionic Hydrogels against Marine Fouling Using a Zwitterionic Photo Cross-Linker.

Polyzwitterions have great potential as fouling-resistant materials for biomedical and environmental products, in particular, in the form of hydrogel coatings. While typically these are soft materials, for many applications it is also necessary to achieve sufficient mechanical stability. This may be accomplished by high degrees of cross-linking, which, however, will impair the overall hydrophilicity of the gels for the commonly used hydrophobic cross-linkers.

Body height and risk of venous thromboembolism in men vs women.

Background: Body height is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and may contribute to differences in VTE risk in men vs women.

Objectives: To investigate the risk of VTE according to body height in men and women and assess VTE risk in men vs women after adjustment for height in young, middle-aged, and elderly individuals.

Methods: Participants of the Tromsø Study (1994-2020) and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (1995-2019) formed the study cohort (N = 114 567).

Informing Maternal Immunization Trials: An Observational Study to Assess Background Rates of Maternal, Pregnancy, and Neonatal/Infant Outcomes.

Background: Pregnant individuals have been historically excluded from clinical trials. To evaluate the safety of vaccines in pregnant individuals and their infants, more data on expected ranges of background rates of pregnancy-related outcomes of interest are needed. The objective of this real-world observational study was to assess background rates of maternal, pregnancy and neonatal/infant outcomes in pregnant individuals and their infants.