Incorrect measurements and misleading conclusions in the article "Comparison of the efficacy of tooth alignment among lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study".

Background/objective: To reproduce the methods and results of the study by Alobeid et al. (2018) in which the efficacy of tooth alignment using conventional labial and lingual orthodontic bracket systems was assessed.

Materials/methods: We used the identical experimental protocol and tested (i) regular twin bracket (GAC-Twin [Dentsply]) and lingual twin bracket systems (Incognito [3M]), (ii) together with NiTi 0.

Does the time-point of orthodontic space closure initiation after tooth extraction affect the incidence of gingival cleft development? A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Gingival clefts (GCs) develop frequently during orthodontic space closure and may compromise the treatment outcome. This study assessed whether the time-point of orthodontic space closure initiation, after permanent tooth extraction, affects the incidence of GC.

Methods: In 25 patients requiring bilateral premolar extraction because of orthodontic reasons, one premolar, chosen at random, was extracted 8 weeks before space closure initiation ("delayed movement," DM), whereas the contralateral premolar was extracted 1 week before ("early movement," EM) ("treatment group").

Association between maxillary lateral incisors' root volume and palatally displaced canines: An instrumental variables approach to the guidance theory.

Objectives:: To evaluate association and causation between maxillary lateral incisors' (MxI2) apical root volume (ARV) and palatally displaced canines (PDC).

Materials And Methods:: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, computed tomography scans of 179 patients with unilateral PDC were analyzed. MxI2 root length and volume on the impaction and eruption side were measured.

Comparison of Skeletal and Dental Reference Planes with the Hamulus-Incisive-Papilla Plane: A Pilot Study on 3D Reconstructed Tomographies of the Skull.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the hamulus-incisive-papilla (HIP) plane as an alternative for transferring the three-dimensional position of a patient's maxilla to an articulator.

Materials And Methods: Camper, Frankfurt horizontal, occlusal, and HIP planes were evaluated in 21 patients' computed tomography scans and compared to one another.

Results: Analysis of variance showed significant differences between all planes, with the HIP plane being closest to the occlusal plane (HIP-OP: 0.

Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on pulpal blood flow after orthodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: The effect of non-invasive extracorporeal shockwaves on pulpal blood flow in orthodontic patients who have undergone active treatment was investigated.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-two adult patients were enrolled in the clinical trial and allocated by block randomization to a treatment or a placebo group at a 1:1 ratio. The patients were required to be otherwise healthy.

Behavior of osteoblasts on TI surface with two different coating designed for orthodontic devices.

In the present study we coated Ti surfaces with polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) and titanium nitride (TiN) and investigated in vitro the behavior of osteoblasts on these surfaces. MG-63 osteoblasts were cultured on titanium discs with different surface treatment: uncoated Ti6Al4V, TiN-coated, PTFE-coated. Cell viability/proliferation was detected by MTT assay.

Endocannabinoids and inflammatory response in periodontal ligament cells.

Endocannabinoids are associated with multiple regulatory functions in several tissues. The main endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), have been detected in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients, but the association between periodontal disease or human periodontal ligament cells (hPdLCs) and endocannabinoids still remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of AEA and 2-AG on the proliferation/viability and cytokine/chemokine production of hPdLCs in the presence/absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.

Effect of nicotine and porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on endothelial cells in vitro.

Smoking is considered a significant risk factor for both periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial cells play an important role in the progression of both diseases. In the present study, we investigated in vitro the impact of nicotine on functional properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Both 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 reduces inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament cells.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Vitamin D3 is an important hormone involved in the preservation of serum calcium and phosphate levels, regulation of bone metabolism and inflammatory response. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D3 metabolism might play a role in the progression of periodontitis.

Impact of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on orthodontic tooth movement-a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: This randomized clinical trial investigated the effect of extracorporeal shock waves on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal parameters.

Material And Methods: Twenty-six adult orthodontic patients participated in this clinical trial; all of them receiving lower second molar mesially directed movement. The fixed orthodontic device included superelastic coil springs (200 cN) and miniscrews as temporary anchorage device.

Different effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 on the adhesion molecules expression in endothelial cells.

Recent researches suggest an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Periodontopathic bacteria and/or their component might play a role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In the present study, we investigated in vitro the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as its effect on Escherichia coli LPS-induced response.

Different effects of P. gingivalis LPS and E. coli LPS on the expression of interleukin-6 in human gingival fibroblasts.

Objective: Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is thought to be mediated by activation of toll-like receptors (TLR)2 and TLR4. The present study investigated the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, TLR2, and TLR4 in GFs of seven different donors upon stimulation with P. gingivalis LPS.

Nitric oxide production, systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism in periodontitis patients: possible gender aspect.

Aim: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in vascular tone regulation and is involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the serum and saliva levels of NO metabolites in periodontal disease and their relationship with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, lipids metabolism and periodontal disease severity.

Material And Methods: Serum and saliva were collected from non-smoking patients with generalized severe periodontitis (n = 89) and healthy controls (n = 56).

The prevalence of root resorption of maxillary incisors caused by impacted maxillary canines.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of root resorption of maxillary incisors caused by impacted maxillary canines using low-dose dental computed tomography and to gain additional knowledge of the underlying aetiology and the progression of root resorption.

Materials And Methods: A total of 440 patients (mean age, 24.7 years) with 557 impacted maxillary canines were examined regarding their location and the occurrence of root resorption of maxillary incisors.

Rebonding performance of different ceramic brackets conditioned with a new silane coupling agent.

The objective of this study was to investigate the rebonding effect of a new silane coupling agent on various ceramic brackets bonded to ceramic specimen. Different ceramic brackets (Fascination 2, Clarity SL, and In-OvationC) were assigned to three groups: rebonding with new silane coupling agent, rebonding with conventional silane coupling agent, or regular bonding as control (n = 16). Bracket adhesion was calculated with a shear test in a universal testing machine.

Influence of surface conditioning on ceramic microstructure and bracket adhesion.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different conditioning procedures on various ceramic microstructures and bracket adhesion. Ceramic specimens (feldspathic, leucite, leucite-free, and fluorapatite) were mechanically conditioned (n = 20 per ceramic type) with conventional hydrofluoric acid (5 per cent HF; 60/30 seconds), buffered hydrofluoric acid (9.6 per cent BHF; 60/30 seconds), or sandblasting (Al(2)O(3)/SiO(2) particles).

Left/right asymmetries and open/closed differences of interdental forces in the mandible.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the variation in interdental forces between mandibular canines and lateral incisors of 19 volunteers (9 males and 10 females) aged 20-26 years for four configurations (mandible open/closed and left/right side). These forces were derived by pulling a stainless steel matrix strip between these teeth, six times per configuration, and registering the time variation with a high-resolution transducer. The repeated median smoothing algorithm was applied to find the maximum of each curve and a bootstrap method estimated the 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) for all 76 configurations.

Miniscrews in orthodontic treatment: review and analysis of published clinical trials.

Introduction: A systematic review of effects related to patient, screw, surgery, and loading on the stability of miniscrews was conducted.

Methods: Reports of clinical trials published before September 2007 with at least 30 miniscrews were reviewed. Parameters examined were patient sex and age, location and method of screw placement, screw length and diameter, time, and amount of loading.

Shear bond strength of fluoride-releasing orthodontic bonding and composite materials.

Several fluoride-releasing bonding materials are available for orthodontic bracket placement. These are supposed to prevent white spot lesions during therapy. The objectives of this in vitro study were to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of a recently introduced fluoride-releasing adhesive, as well as the comparison with established orthodontic adhesives.

Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the airways and ears--a pilot study.

The aim of this prospective study was to describe the morphological and functional changes of the upper airways and the middle ears after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Thirteen patients comprised the original study sample, of these three patients dropped out. Of the remaining 10 subjects, seven (two females, five males; average age, 8.

Cytotoxicity and shear bond strength of four orthodontic adhesive systems.

The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of four orthodontic bonding systems, Light Bond, Enlight, Concise, and Transbond, and to evaluate their shear bond strength (SBS). These orthodontic bonding materials were applied to metal brackets (Mini Diamond). Glass specimens were used as controls in all experiments.

Evaluation of force systems from a "free-end" force system.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of a V-bend wire configuration in a free-end system, ie, with 1 end mounted in an orthodontic tube and the other loosely ligated to a bracket. The effects of V-bend position and size, wire dimension, method of ligation, and the inclusion of a second wire in the system were examined.

Methods: Samples of various wire configurations were mounted in a bench testing machine to measure moments and forces at both ends in a standardized configuration resembling a 2-premolar extraction clinical case incorporating a special bracket with a second, frictionless slot.

Osseointegration of a subperiosteal anchoring device in the minipig mandible.

Introduction: Onplants serve as subperiosteal anchorage in the maxilla to facilitate tooth movement. We determined the applicability of onplants and the process of osseointegration in the mandible of minipigs.

Methods: Thirty-six onplants (OnPlants, Nobel Biocare USA, Yorba Linda, Calif) were positioned in 9 adult animals, 2 on each side.

Sagittal and vertical load-deflection and permanent deformation of transpalatal arches connected with palatal implants: an in-vitro study.

Introduction: The purposes of this laboratory investigation were to (1) measure the sagittal and vertical deflection of loaded transpalatal arches (TPAs) connected to a palatal implant, (2) measure the extent of permanent deformation of the connecting TPA in the sagittal and vertical directions, (3) test various wire dimensions in terms of deflection behavior, and (4) evaluate soldering vs laser welding vs adhesive bonding of TPAs in terms of load deflection behavior.

Methods: Stainless steel wires of 6 dimensions were tested: 0.8 x 0.

Evaluation of the effects of rapid maxillary expansion in growing children using computer tomography scanning: a pilot study.

The principle of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) as a method to expand the transverse dimension of the palate and maxillary dental arch is by no means new, and previous studies have reported the effects of the method using a variety of radiographic methods. In the present study, the effect of a Hyrax splint appliance was studied in a group of nine growing children (six females, three males; mean age 8 years 1 month) undergoing orthodontic treatment. The changes were evaluated on pre- and post-treatment computer tomographic scans taken using a low-dosage protocol.