Pressure measurements in closed aneurysmal sac during abdominal aortic aneurysm resection.

Purpose: This study determined the relationship between closed aneurysmal sac pressure (ASP) and mean blood pressure (BP) during open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) resection and evaluated the contribution of inferior mesenteric and lumbar artery blood flow to ASP after proximal and distal clamping.

Methods: We measured ASP after proximal and distal clamping by placing an 18-gauge needle connected to a BP transducer into the excluded aneurysmal sac in 25 consecutive patients from April 1999 to August 2000. Simultaneous measurement of the mean systemic BP was also recorded.

Objective voice analysis after autologous fat injection for unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

This study was designed to objectively compare a patient's voice after onset of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) to his or her own normal voice, and to compare the results after treatment by intrafold injection of autologous fat. Acoustic recordings were obtained for 2 male patients before thoracic surgery and after the onset of iatrogenic left UVFP. Vocal fold augmentation was performed 10 days after UVFP.

Allylated monosaccharides as precursors in triple reductive amination strategies: synthesis of castanospermine and swainsonine.

The feasibility of the triple-reductive amination reaction for the synthesis of complex indolizidine frameworks is illustrated by application to the potent glycosidase inhibitors castanospermine and swainsonine. The target compounds were obtained from known carbohydrate precursors in yields of 23 and 14%, over nine and 13 steps, respectively. The iodoetherification reaction of allylated monosaccharides was shown to be a practical reaction for the synthesis of the tricarbonyl precursors for the key triple reductive amination reactions.

An instructive function for Notch in promoting gliogenesis in the zebrafish retina.

The Gal4-UAS technique has been used to misexpress a constitutively active Notch receptor variant (notch1a-intra) in the developing zebrafish retina. This is the first study to use this technique to misexpress genes and assess their function in neural development of the zebrafish. Expression of activated Notch1a either ubiquitously, driven by a heat-shock70 promoter, or in a spatially regulated manner, controlled by the deltaD promoter, causes a block in neuronal differentiation that affects all cell types.

Social adjustment of adolescents at risk for schizophrenia: the Jerusalem Infant Development Study.

Objective: To better understand whether poor social adjustment, a core characteristic of schizophrenic illness, may also be an indicator of vulnerability in young people who are at genetic risk for schizophrenia, but who do not have schizophrenia.

Method: Between 1992 and 1996, 27 Israeli adolescents with a schizophrenic parent, 29 adolescents with no mentally ill parent, and 30 adolescents with a parent having a nonschizophrenic mental disorder were assessed on multiple domains of social adjustment measured using the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents and the Youth Self-Report.

Results: Young people with a schizophrenic parent showed poor peer engagement, particularly heterosexual engagement, and social problems characterized by immaturity and unpopularity with peers.

Distinct regulatory elements direct delta1 expression in the nervous system and paraxial mesoderm of transgenic mice.

The Delta1 gene encodes one of the Notch ligands in mice. Delta1 is expressed during early embryogenesis in a complex and dynamic pattern in the paraxial mesoderm and neuroectoderm, and is essential for normal somitogenesis and neuronal differentiation. Molecular components thought to act in response to ligand binding and Notch activation have been identified in different species.

Complications of postoperative radiation therapy after partial laryngectomy in supraglottic cancer: A long-term evaluation.

This retrospective study, based on a series of 90 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottis, was designed to document the functional outcome and complications after postoperative radiation therapy following partial laryngeal surgery. The surgical procedure was a standard supraglottic laryngectomy in 62 patients and a supracricoid partial laryngectomy in 28 patients. All of the patients had an unremarkable postoperative course and achieved locoregional control.

[Replacement of tracheo-esophageal Provox prosthesis].

Objectives: To compare anesthesic techniques used between 1992 and 1997 at Laënnec Hospital for replacement by tracheo-esophageal Provox prosthesis: local and general anesthesia. Theoretical financial cost for replacement was estimated according to anaesthetic techniques.

Patients And Methods: Provox in situ lifetime was calculated in 58 patients who underwent 115 and 49 replacements under general and local anaesthesia respectively.

[Swallowing disorders in unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis].

Swallowing difficulties in isolated recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis are rarely reported in the literature, although it is frequently mentioned in lesions of both recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal nerves. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence of aspiration in patients with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after head and neck or thoracic surgery. Eighteen patients were included and evaluated within the first week and eleven two months postoperatively.

The role of psychopathology in the parenting of drug-dependent women.

This paper explores the parenting of drug-dependent women and the contributions of comorbid psychopathology to their parenting. A sample of 32 children whose mothers were dependent on opioid drugs during pregnancy and 37 children whose mothers were not drug users were followed from birth to middle childhood. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted contrasting whether maternal substance abuse or psychopathology was more closely linked to parenting behaviors and continuity in parenting over time.

[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and pulmonary cancer. Report of 50 cases].

Association of a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and a pulmonary cancer is frequent: prevalence is about 5 to 10 percent. The purpose of this study was to present the survival analysis of 50 patients, previously treated for a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and then treated for a pulmonary cancer between 1979 and 1996. Four patients were excluded from the analysis.

[Idiopathic sub-glottal stenosis in the adult].

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a rare condition. The records of five patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis treated between 1989 and 1998 were reviewed. All were female and had similar clinical and histopathologic features.

Intracordal autologous fat injection for aspiration after recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.

The present prospective study was designed to analyze the results achieved with intracordal autologous fat injection for aspiration in a series of 20 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Swallowing was documented by having each patient swallow puréed food colored with methylene blue during nasofibroscopy. No laryngeal adverse effects were associated with the intracordal injection of fat.

Neurobehavioral deficits at adolescence in children at risk for schizophrenia: The Jerusalem Infant Development Study.

Background: The Jerusalem Infant Development Study is a prospective investigation comparing offspring of schizophrenic parents with offspring of parents who have no mental disorder or have nonschizophrenic mental disorders. During infancy and school age, a subgroup of offspring of schizophrenic parents showed global neurobehavioral deficits that were hypothesized to be indicators of vulnerability to schizophrenia. The purposes of the present investigation were to determine if neurobehavioral deficits were present in the offspring of schizophrenics at adolescence, to examine their stability over time, and to explore their relation to concurrent mental adjustment.

[Results of intracordal injection of autologous fat in postoperative laryngeal paralysis].

Objectives: An analysis of the results achieved with intracordal autologous fat injection for unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis after surgery.

Patients And Method: A study group of 46 patients with unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis was treated by intracordal injection of autologous fat with a minimum follow-up of eight months. All patients had severe dysphonia and 39 had breathlessness.

Local recurrence after vertical partial laryngectomy, a conservative modality of treatment for patients with Stage I-II squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis.

Background: Based on an inception cohort of 103 patients who had local recurrence (Group I) and a witness group of 311 patients who achieved local control (Group II) after vertical partial laryngectomy for Stage I-II glottic carcinoma, the current retrospective study documented the consequences and management of local recurrence.

Methods: Three hundred two patients (97.1%) in Group II and all 103 patients (100%) in Group I were followed until death or for a minimum of 10 years.

Vocal function after vertical partial laryngectomy with glottic reconstruction by false vocal fold flap: durational and frequency measures.

Objective: Compare vocal function following vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) with or without glottic reconstruction by false vocal fold (FVF) mucosal flap.

Study Design: Twenty-seven patients with Tla squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the glottis were included in a prospective randomized clinical study. All patients were treated by frontolateral partial laryngectomy (FLPL).

Demographic and psychosocial characteristics of substance-abusing pregnant women.

Women who abuse drugs and alcohol during pregnancy are an elusive population who often remain unidentified to practitioners and researchers and hence have not been well studied. In trying to understand better the characteristics of women who use drugs during pregnancy, the present article relies extensively on information gathered in studies of women in substance abuse treatment who, as epidemiologic studies show, may be more severely impaired than other substance-abusing women and, therefore, may not be typical of substance-abusing women identified in the course of obstetric practice. Yet, those pregnant women who are actually identified by medical providers as substance users are often those whose behavior raises concerns with health providers (such as presenting for labor having had no prenatal care) and thus also may represent only a relatively impaired group of substance-abusing women.

CO2 laser endoscopic posterior partial transverse cordotomy for bilateral paralysis of the vocal fold.

Objective/hypothesis: A clinical evaluation of CO2 laser endoscopic posterior partial transverse cordotomy (EPPTC) in patients with severely compromised airway due to bilateral paralysis of the vocal fold.

Study Design: An inception cohort of 25 patients over a 10-year period.

Methods: The CO2 laser EPPTC was unilateral in 15 patients and bilateral in 10.

Relation of maternal responsiveness during infancy to the development of behavior problems in high-risk youths.

Although problematic parenting has been consistently associated with behavior problems in youths, prospective links between early parenting and childhood behavior problems are less well established. This study examined the association of maternal responsiveness (MRes) during infancy and behavior problems in middle childhood (N = 77). MRes was significantly associated with disruptive behavior problems but was unrelated to attention problems.

Attachment behavior and its antecedents in offspring born to methadone-maintained women.

Videotaped 35 full-term, African American infants exposed in utero to methadone and 46 comparison infants at 12 months participating in a separation-reunion procedure to assess aspects of the infant's attachment relationship to the mother. Mothers in the two groups were comparable on education, age (18-35 years), socioeconomic status, parity, IQ and marital status. Offspring born to methadone-maintained women did not differ from comparison infants in indexes of proximity-seeking at reunion but did display higher scores on indexes of disorganized and avoidant behavior and lower scores on indexes of contact-maintaining behavior.

[En bloc resection of the carotid axis in epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. Retrospective analysis of 7 cases].

En bloc resection of carotid artery involved by squamous cell carcinoma was performed in 7 patients from 1993 to 1997. Cerebral tolerance was tested with qualitative evaluation of cerebral blood flow during preoperative balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Four patients later underwent permanent carotid occlusion prior to en bloc resection, 2 patients underwent carotid ligation without reconstruction and one patient underwent carotid resection associated with carotid reconstruction.

[Intra-cord injection of autologous fatty tissue and recurrent unilateral paralysis].

A prospective analysis of intracordal autologous fat injection for inferior laryngeal nerve paralysis of various origins was conducted in a series of 20 patients with a minimum 6 month follow-up. Adverse side effects were a sub-cutaneous abdominal hematoma, and a pseudo intracordal cyst in 1 patient. Aspiration, noted in 11 patients, disappeared immediately after the injection of fat in 10 patients.

Speech and voice characteristics after near-total laryngectomy. A preliminary prospective study.

Selected characteristics were prospectively compared in the speech and voice of 10 patients managed with near-total laryngectomy. Tape-recorded speech samples were measured for durational features with a stopwatch. Acoustic features were analyzed with the Computerized Speech Lab and the Multidimensional Voice Program from Kay Elemetrics.