Radiative impact of record-breaking wildfires from integrated ground-based data.

The radiative effects of wildfires have been traditionally estimated by models using radiative transfer calculations. Assessment of model-predicted radiative effects commonly involves information on observation-based aerosol optical properties. However, lack or incompleteness of this information for dense plumes generated by intense wildfires reduces substantially the applicability of this assessment.

Penicillin concentrations in bone and subcutaneous tissue: A porcine microdialysis study comparing oral and intravenous treatment.

Penicillin is available in both an oral (penicillin V) and intravenous formulation (penicillin G), theoretically allowing for a safe transition between the two. However, the use of oral penicillin remains a topic of debate due to low and variable bioavailability. This study aimed to assess the time for which the free penicillin concentration exceeded targeted minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species (0.

Penicillin concentrations in oropharyngeal and frontal sinus tissue following enteral and intravenous administration measured by microdialysis in a porcine model.

Background: Penicillin may be administered enterally or intravenously for the treatment of bacterial infections within the oropharynx and the frontal sinuses. We aimed to assess and compare penicillin concentrations in oropharyngeal and frontal sinus tissues following enteral and intravenous administration in a porcine model.

Method: Twelve pigs were randomized to receive either enteral (0.

Use of direct-acting anticoagulants (DOACs) delays surgery and is associated with increased mortality in hip fracture patients.

Purpose: Treatment with direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is increasing among hip-fracture patients, with accompanying safety concerns regarding spinal anesthesia (SA). The aim of this study was to investigate if DOAC use is associated with increased waiting time before surgery, increased mortality, or other adverse events.

Methods: Registry data on surgically treated hip-fracture cases at a single hospital between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed.

PubPredict: Prediction of progression and survival in oncology leveraging publications and early efficacy data.

In oncology/hematology early phase clinical trials, efficacies were often observed in terms of response rate, depth, timing, and duration. However, the true clinical benefits that eventually support registrational purpose are progression-free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS), the follow-up of which are typically not long enough in early phase trials. This gap imposes challenges in strategies for late phase drug development.

Piperacillin Steady State Concentrations in Target Tissues Relevant for PJI Treatment-A Randomized Porcine Microdialysis Study Comparing Continuous Infusion with Intermittent Short-Term Infusion.

(1) Introduction: Piperacillin is a common antibiotic choice in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) caused by . The aim of this study was to assess and compare the time with free piperacillin concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) at steady state in target tissues relevant for PJI treatment following continuous and intermittent short-term infusion. (2) Methods: 16 pigs were randomized to receive either continuous or intermittent short-term infusion of piperacillin.

Dose intra-subject escalation to an event (DIETE): A new method for phase 1 dose-finding utilizing systematic intra-subject dose escalation with application to T-cell engagers.

T-cell engagers are a class of oncology drugs which engage T-cells to initiate immune response against malignant cells. T-cell engagers have features that are unlike prior classes of oncology drugs (e.g.

Controlling type 1 error rate for sequential, bioequivalence studies with crossover designs.

Sample size reestimation in a crossover, bioequivalence study can be a useful adaptive design tool, particularly when the intrasubject variability of the drug formulation under investigation is not well understood. When sample size reestimation is done based on an interim estimate of the intrasubject variability and bioequivalence is tested using the pooled estimate of intrasubject variability, type 1 error inflation will occur. Type 1 error inflation is caused by the pooled estimate being a biased estimator of the intrasubject variability.

Low frontal serotonin 2A receptor binding is a state marker for schizophrenia?

Here we imaged serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) binding in a very rare population of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia to provide insight into trait and state components in brain 5-HT2AR patterns. In four twin pairs not medicated with drugs that target 5-HT2AR, frontal 5-HT2AR binding was consistently lower (33%) in schizophrenic- relative to their healthy co-twins. Our results strongly imply low frontal 5-HT2AR availability as a state feature of schizophrenia.

[Weak evidence for the use of graduated elastic compression stockings by laparoscopic day surgery].

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are well-known complications after surgery. Despite the widespread use of graduated elastic compression stockings as a mechanical prophylaxis method against thromboembolic complications, data supporting their use for patients under-going laparoscopic surgery for benign conditions are sparse. In this paper, we address the evidence for the effectiveness of the stockings as a method of prophylaxis in laparoscopic day surgery.

Frontal D2/3 Receptor Availability in Schizophrenia Patients Before and After Their First Antipsychotic Treatment: Relation to Cognitive Functions and Psychopathology.

Background: We have previously reported associations between frontal D2/3 receptor binding potential positive symptoms and cognitive deficits in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients. Here, we examined the effect of dopamine D2/3 receptor blockade on cognition. Additionally, we explored the relation between frontal D2/3 receptor availability and treatment effect on positive symptoms.

Striatal D(2/3) Binding Potential Values in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients Correlate With Treatment Outcome.

One of best validated findings in schizophrenia research is the association between blockade of dopamine D2 receptors and the effects of antipsychotics on positive psychotic symptoms. The aim of the present study was to examine correlations between baseline striatal D(2/3) receptor binding potential (BP(p)) values and treatment outcome in a cohort of antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients. Additionally, we wished to investigate associations between striatal dopamine D(2/3) receptor blockade and alterations of negative symptoms as well as functioning and subjective well-being.

Neocortical serotonin2A receptor binding predicts quetiapine associated weight gain in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients.

Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is of major clinical importance since it is associated with severe metabolic complications and increased mortality. The serotonin2A receptor system has been suggested to be implicated in weight gain and obesity. However, no previous in vivo imaging data have related serotonin2A receptor binding to weight gain before and after antipsychotic monotherapy.

Neural markers of negative symptom outcomes in distributed working memory brain activity of antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients.

Since working memory deficits in schizophrenia have been linked to negative symptoms, we tested whether features of the one could predict the treatment outcome in the other. Specifically, we hypothesized that working memory-related functional connectivity at pre-treatment can predict improvement of negative symptoms in antipsychotic-treated patients. Fourteen antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia were clinically assessed before and after 7 months of quetiapine monotherapy.

P50 suppression and its neural generators in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia before and after 6 months of quetiapine treatment.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia. However, only a few longitudinal studies report on the effects of antipsychotic treatment on sensory gating deficits and their results are inconsistent. In the present study, P50 suppression and its neural generators were investigated in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia before and after 6 months of treatment with quetiapine.

Serotonin 2A receptor antagonists for treatment of schizophrenia.

Introduction: All approved antipsychotic drugs share an affinity for the dopamine 2 (D(2)) receptor; however, these drugs only partially ameliorate the symptoms of schizophrenia. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to identify new treatment strategies for schizophrenia.

Areas Covered: Preclinical, clinical and post-mortem studies of the serotonin 5-HT(2A) system in schizophrenia are reviewed.

Mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle of the elderly.

The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) skeletal muscles of elderly subjects can adapt to a single endurance exercise bout and 2) endurance trained elderly subjects have higher expression/activity of oxidative and angiogenic proteins in skeletal muscle than untrained elderly people. To investigate this, lifelong endurance trained elderly (ET; n = 8) aged 71.3 ± 3.

Impaired temporoparietal deactivation with working memory load in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Objectives: Neuroimaging studies have shown abnormal task-related deactivations during working memory (WM) in schizophrenia patients with recent emphasis on brain regions within the default mode network. Using fMRI, we tested whether antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients were impaired at deactivating brain regions that do not subserve WM.

Methods: Twenty-three antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 35 healthy individuals underwent whole-brain 3T fMRI scans while performing a verbal N-back task including 0-back (no WM load), 1-back (low WM load), and 2-back (high WM load) conditions.

Cognitive effects of six months of treatment with quetiapine in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia.

Effects of quetiapine on cognition were assessed in a group of first-episode antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia (N=24). A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with quetiapine. In order to examine retest effects, a matched healthy control group (N=24) was also tested at baseline and after 6 months.

Progressive striatal and hippocampal volume loss in initially antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with quetiapine: relationship to dose and symptoms.

First-generation antipsychotics have been associated with striatal volume increases. The effects of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on the striatum are unclear. Moreover, SGAs may have neuroprotective effects on the hippocampus.

Sensorimotor gating and habituation in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients before and after 6 months' treatment with quetiapine.

Impaired prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) in schizophrenia has been replicated in many studies. However, previous results may have been influenced by course of illness, and antipsychotic medication. Studies on antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients are lacking, since these patients are so difficult to recruit.