Long-term effects of Class II Herbst treatment on the pharyngeal airway width.

Objective: The aim was to assess the long-term effects of Class II malocclusion treatment with the Herbst appliance on the pharyngeal airway (PA) width in comparison to untreated individuals with Classes I and II malocclusion.

Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 13 male Class II patients from before (T1) and after (T2) treatment with the Herbst appliance as well as after the end of growth (T3) were retrospectively analyzed and compared to two untreated age- and gender-matched samples with Class I (n = 13) or Class II (n = 13) malocclusion. The PA dimensions were measured using the parameters p (narrowest distance between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall) and t (narrowest distance between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall).

Excellent versus unacceptable orthodontic results: influencing factors.

Aim: To retrospectively compare patients with excellent and unacceptable orthodontic treatment results with respect to possible prognostic factors.

Material And Methods: All patients, who completed treatment at the Department of Orthodontics of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany between 1993 and 2009 with an excellent or unacceptable outcome according to the Ahlgren index. Possibly influencing factors regarding case history, treatment, cephalometrics, and plaster casts were analyzed.

Signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders in adults after adolescent Herbst therapy: a 6-year and 32-year radiographic and clinical follow-up study.

Objective: To analyze radiographic signs of temperomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis and clinical TMJ symptoms in patients 6 years and 32 years after treatment with a Herbst appliance.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients were derived from a sample of 22 with Class II division 1 malocclusions consecutively treated with a banded Herbst appliance at the age of 12-14 years old (T1-T2). The subjects were reexamined after therapy at the ages of 20 years (T3) and 46 years (T4).

Late adult skeletofacial growth after adolescent Herbst therapy: a 32-year longitudinal follow-up study.

Introduction: The aim of this longitudinal 32-year follow-up investigation was to analyze the very long-term effects of Herbst treatment on the dentoskeletal structures. We followed 14 patients from a sample of 22 with Class II Division 1 malocclusions who were consecutively treated with the banded Herbst appliance at ages 12 to 14 years. The subjects were reexamined after therapy at the ages of 20 years (when the radius epiphysis/diaphysis plate was closed) and 46 years.

Mandibular incisor inclination, tooth irregularity, and gingival recessions after Herbst therapy: a 32-year follow-up study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the very long-term results after Herbst treatment with respect to changes in the mandibular incisor segment: incisor inclination, incisor alignment, and gingival status.

Methods: Fourteen patients were derived from a sample of 22 consecutive patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusions treated with the banded Herbst appliance. Intraoral photographs, mandibular dental casts, and lateral head films were analyzed from before (T1, age 12.

Thirty-two-year follow-up study of Herbst therapy: a biometric dental cast analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the very long-term effects of Herbst treatment on tooth position and occlusion.

Subjects: Fourteen patients from a sample of 22 with Class II Division 1 malocclusions consecutively treated with the banded Herbst appliance were reexamined 32 years after therapy.

Methods: Dental casts were analyzed from before (T1) and after (T2) treatment, and at 6 years (T3) and 32 years (T4) after treatment.

[Success rate and efficiency of activator treatment].

In a retrospective multicentre study, the success rate and efficiency of activator treatment were analysed. All patients from two University clinics (Giessen, Germany and Berne, Switzerland) that fulfilled the selection criteria (Class II division 1 malocclusion, activator treatment, no aplasia, no extraction of permanent teeth, no syndromes, no previous orthodontic treatment except transverse maxillary expansion, full available records) were included in the study. The subject material amounted to 222 patients with a mean age of 10.

Correction of Class II, Division 2 malocclusions using a completely customized lingual appliance and the Herbst device.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficiency of correcting a Class II, Division 2 malocclusion using a completely customized lingual appliance.

Materials And Methods: In 18 consecutively completed, Class II, Division 2 malocclusion patients, the correction of the upper incisor inclination, deep and distal bite were assessed by means of plaster casts, digital lateral cephalograms, and intraoral photographs taken at the time of debond. Furthermore, two independent calibrated examiners determined the weighted Peer Assessment Rating index (PAR Index) of the initial and end models.

Overjet correction and space closure mechanisms for Class II treatment by extracting the maxillary first molars.

Objective: To analyze the mechanism of overjet correction and space closure when treating Class II Division 1 patients by extracting the maxillary first molars.

Patients And Methods: A total of 100 prospective, consecutively treated Class II Division 1 patients (45 female, 55 male; 10.5-17.

Sagittal and vertical occlusal cephalometric analyses of Pancherz: Norms for Chinese children.

Introduction: The aims of this research were to establish norms for the sagittal and vertical occlusal cephalometric analyses of Pancherz for Chinese children and compare them with those of a matched white sample.

Methods: The material comprised lateral cephalograms of a random sample of 405 southern Chinese children (age, 12 years; 200 boys, 205 girls) and an additional sample of 86 British white children (age, 12 years; 43 boys, 43 girls) in Hong Kong. The radiographs were digitized twice.

Control of mandibular incisors with the combined Herbst and completely customized lingual appliance--a pilot study.

Background: The traditional Herbst appliance induces mandibular incisor proclination independent of the anchorage system used. The dental effects of the Herbst appliance as an element of a completely customized lingual orthodontic (LO) appliance (Incognito, 3 M) has not been analyzed yet and the aim of this paper was to measure the effect of mandibular incisor proclination using this Herbst-LO device.

Methods: Retrospective study.

Divine proportions in attractive and nonattractive faces.

Aim: To test Ricketts' 1982 hypothesis that facial beauty is measurable by comparing attractive and nonattractive faces of females and males with respect to the presence of the divine proportions.

Methods: The analysis of frontal view facial photos of 90 cover models (50 females, 40 males) from famous fashion magazines and of 34 attractive (29 females, five males) and 34 nonattractive (13 females, 21 males) persons selected from a group of former orthodontic patients was carried out in this study. Based on Ricketts' method, five transverse and seven vertical facial reference distances were measured and compared with the corresponding calculated divine distances expressed in phi-relationships (f=1.

Mandibular incisor position changes in relation to amount of bite jumping during Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment: a radiographic-cephalometric study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the cast Herbst/multibracket (MB) appliance on the position of the mandibular incisors in relation to the amount of mandibular advancement at the beginning of treatment.

Methods: We screened 133 patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusions. The subjects were divided into 3 bite-jumping groups: I, 49 subjects with bite jumping of <7 mm; II, 44 subjects with bite jumping of 7.

Changes in functional occlusion during the postorthodontic retention period: a prospective longitudinal clinical study.

Introduction: Functional occlusion has received little attention in short- and long-term evaluations of orthodontic treatment results. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the long-term changes in functional occlusion during the postorthodontic retention period.

Methods: One hundred fifteen consecutive patients treated with multibracket appliances were examined twice: directly after appliance removal (T1) and after an average retention period of 24 months (T2).

Facial profile and lip position changes in adult Class II, Division 2 subjects treated with the Herbst-Multibracket appliance. A radiographic cephalometric pilot study.

Objective: To examine the treatment and post-treatment effects of the Herbst-Multibracket (MB) appliance on facial profile and lip position in adult Class II, Division 2 subjects.

Material And Methods: Lateral head films of 16 consecutively-treated adult Class II, Division 2 subjects (8 males, 8 females) with an average age of 18.8 years pre-treatment were analyzed on three occasions: before treatment (T1), after Herbst-MB treatment (T2) and 2 years post-treatment (T3).

Divine proportions in the growing face.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to answer this question: to what extent do facial proportions change in comparison with the divine values during growth?

Methods: The changes of the facial proportions in ordinary subjects were analyzed with full-face photos from 20 female and 20 male subjects. In each photo, 5 transverse and 7 vertical reference distances were considered. The facial photos from childhood (age, 6.

"Effective" TMJ and chin position changes in Class II treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the "effective" temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes (the sum of condylar modeling, glenoid fossa modeling, and condylar position changes within the fossa), and their influence on chin position in patients with a Class II division 1 malocclusion treated orthodontically with a multibracket appliance and Class II elastics (Tip-Edge) and orthopedically with a fixed functional appliance (Herbst).

Materials And Methods: Two groups of successfully treated subjects were evaluated: Tip-Edge (n = 24) and Herbst (n = 40). The Bolton Standards served as a control group.

Success rate and efficiency of activator treatment.

In a retrospective multicentre study, the success rate and efficiency of activator treatment were analysed. All patients from two University clinics (Giessen, Germany and Berne, Switzerland) that fulfilled the selection criteria (Class II division 1 malocclusion, activator treatment, no aplasia, no extraction of permanent teeth, no syndromes, no previous orthodontic treatment except transverse maxillary expansion, full available records) were included in the study. The subject material amounted to 222 patients with a mean age of 10.

Reduced mandibular cast splints an alternative in Herbst therapy? A prospective multicentre study.

The aim of this study was to analyse anchorage loss with reduced, in comparison with total mandibular cast splints during Herbst treatment. Lateral head films of 32 Class II division 1 patients (15 females, 17 males) aged 13.0 years with reduced mandibular cast splints (RMS: second premolar to second premolar) and of 34 Class II division 1 patients (19 females, 15 males) aged 13.

Complications during Herbst appliance treatment with reduced mandibular cast splints : a prospective, clinical multicenter study.

Objective: To assess and compare the prevalence, type and frequency of complications during Herbst treatment with reduced (canine to 2nd premolars) and total (canine to molars) mandibular cast splints.

Subjects And Methods: Fifty consecutive Herbst patients treated with reduced mandibular splints (RMS) were compared to 182 consecutively treated Herbst patients with total mandibular splints (TMS). The prevalence, type and frequency of complications were analyzed.

Herbst treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions in retrognathic and prognathic facial types.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective pilot study was to analyze and compare the short-term and long-term changes of Herbst treatment in Class II division 1 subjects of the retrognathic and prognathic facial type.

Materials And Methods: The subject material comprised 10 retrognathic (mean SNA = 74.5 degrees, SNB = 70.

Dentoskeletal effects and "effective" temporomandibular joint, maxilla and chin changes in good and bad responders to van Beek activator treatment.

Objective: To assess possible differences in dentoskeletal effects and "effective" temporomandibular joint, maxilla, and chin changes between good and bad responders to van Beek activator treatment.

Materials And Methods: The subject material consisted of 20 consecutive normodivergent male Class II division 1 patients treated with a van Beek activator. Because of insufficient cooperation, four patients were excluded.