Publications by authors named "Hans Olov Adami"
Prediction of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasia by KRAS mutation in polyps.
United European Gastroenterol J
November 2024
Background: The potential of molecular markers in the removed polys as reliable predictors of metachronous lesions is still uncertain.
Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the role of somatic mutations in KRAS in polyps of patients with high-risk adenomas to predict the risk of advanced polyps or colorectal cancer (CRC) within 3 years.
Methods: A total of 518 patients were prospectively enrolled.
Article Synopsis
- Pancreatoduodenectomy, the main treatment for pancreatic and periampullary cancers, has serious complications but shows improving outcomes over time.* -
- A study in Sweden followed 5,923 patients from 1964 to 2016, revealing a significant drop in postoperative deaths from 17.2% to 1.6% over the decades.* -
- Survival rates also improved notably; from 2010-2016, 5-year survival rates varied by cancer type, with up to 71.2% for duodenal cancer and 29.0% for pancreatic cancer.*
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the relationship between tea and coffee consumption and the incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) using data from 15 studies.
- Drinking tea was linked to a lower risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) and possibly intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC), while coffee consumption was associated with a higher risk of GBC.
- The findings suggest that tea might be protective against certain types of BTC, whereas coffee could increase the risk of GBC, warranting further investigation into these associations.
Background: Women with mental illness experience an increased risk of cervical cancer. The excess risk is partly due to low participation in cervical screening; however, it remains unknown whether it is also attributable to an increased risk of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). We aimed to examine whether women with mental illness had an increased infection rate of HPV compared to women without mental illness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Randomized clinical screening trials have shown that sigmoidoscopy screening reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. Colonoscopy has largely replaced sigmoidoscopy for CRC screening, but long-term results from randomized trials on colonoscopy screening are still lacking.
Objective: To estimate the additional screening benefit of colonoscopy compared with sigmoidoscopy.
Background: A high body mass index (BMI, kg/m) is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer before menopause, but increased risk after menopause. Exactly when this reversal occurs in relation to menopause is unclear. Locating that change point could provide insight into the role of adiposity in breast cancer etiology.
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- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene variations are important risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
- A study in southern China used a causal inference framework to analyze how these genetic factors and EBV interact to influence NPC risk.
- Findings revealed strong interaction effects between high-risk EBV subtypes and certain HLA variations, suggesting that addressing these factors together could significantly reduce NPC risk.
Purpose: The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) are developed to prevent diet-related diseases. This study aimed to examine adherence to the NNR and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among women and men in Sweden.
Methods: We followed 34,898 adults from 1997 to 2016.
Ideal cardiovascular health and risk of death in a large Swedish cohort.
BMC Public Health
February 2024
Background: Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) can be assessed by 7 metrics: smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, proposed by the American Heart Association. We examined the association of ideal CVH metrics with risk of all-cause, CVD and non-CVD death in a large cohort.
Methods: A total of 29,557 participants in the Swedish National March Cohort were included in this study.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed data from over 1 million women across various regions to explore the relationship between reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
- Findings indicated that certain factors, such as younger age at menarche and menopause, use of hormone therapy, and previous surgeries like hysterectomy, were associated with an increased risk of DTC, while long-term oral contraceptive use and being post-menopausal were linked to a lower risk.
- The researchers caution that the associations identified are relatively weak and recommend further studies to clarify the effects of sex steroid hormones on DTC risk.
Purpose: There is strong evidence that leisure-time physical activity is protective against postmenopausal breast cancer risk but the association with premenopausal breast cancer is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer.
Methods: We pooled individual-level data on self-reported leisure-time physical activity across 19 cohort studies comprising 547,601 premenopausal women, with 10,231 incident cases of breast cancer.
Potential for Cure by Stage across the Cancer Spectrum in the United States.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
February 2024
Background: Cure fraction-the proportion of persons considered cured of cancer after long-term follow-up-reflects the total impact of cancer control strategies, including screening, without lead-time bias. Previous studies have not reported stage-stratified cure fraction across the spectrum of cancer types.
Methods: Using a mixture cure model, we estimated cure fraction across stages for 21 cancer types and additional subtypes.
Background: Dysbiosis of the oral mycobiome has been linked to some diseases, including cancers. However, the role of oral fungal communities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) carcinogenesis has not previously been investigated.
Methods: We characterized the oral salivary fungal mycobiome in 476 untreated incident NPC patients and 537 population-based controls using fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 sequencing.
Importance: Individuals with a mental disorder experience substantial health disparity and are less likely to participate in cervical screening and human papillomavirus vaccination. Additionally, this population may benefit less from tertiary cancer prevention.
Objective: To compare clinical characteristics and survival patterns between patients with cervical cancer with and without a preexisting diagnosis of a mental disorder at the time of cervical cancer diagnosis.
Objective: Given the importance of sleep in maintaining neurocognitive health, both sleep duration and quality might be component causes of dementia. However, the possible role of insomnia symptoms as risk factors for dementia remain uncertain.
Methods: We prospectively studied 22,078 participants in the Swedish National March Cohort who were free from dementia and stroke at baseline.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to examine whether cancer screening tests actually improve longevity, focusing on life-years gained from such screenings compared to no screening.
- The analysis reviewed data from randomized clinical trials that included over 2 million participants and compared various common screening methods for cancers like breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate.
- Results showed varied follow-up durations across tests, but the key takeaway was that the real benefit in terms of added lifetime from these screenings remains unclear.
Article Synopsis
- Large-scale genetic studies found several genetic loci linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), prompting further investigation into biological mechanisms behind these associations.
- A follow-up study involving nearly 7,000 NPC cases and over 10,000 controls identified two new susceptibility loci (9q22.33 and 17q12) and confirmed the role of two previously known loci linked to NPC risk.
- Functional analyses revealed that the genes PHF2 and CDKN2B-AS1 at these loci are crucial for NPC development, with risk alleles affecting their expression levels and consequently promoting NPC cell proliferation.
Background: Removal of tonsils and adenoids is among the most common surgical procedures worldwide. Evidence of increased risk of cancer following such surgery is, however, inconclusive.
Methods: We conducted a population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study of 4,953,583 individuals in Sweden with a follow-up during 1980-2016.
Both short (< 6 hr) and long (> 8 hr) sleep are associated with increased mortality. We here investigated whether the association between sleep duration and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality differs between men and women. A cohort of 34,311 participants (mean age and standard deviation = 50.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: Because post-polypectomy surveillance uses a growing proportion of colonoscopy capacity, more targeted surveillance is warranted. We therefore compared surveillance burden and cancer detection using 3 different adenoma classification systems.
Methods: In a case-cohort study among individuals who had adenomas removed between 1993 and 2007, we included 675 individuals with colorectal cancer (cases) diagnosed a median of 5.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Norway and Sweden from 1987 to 2016.
- Analyzing data from over 131,000 IBD patients, researchers found a slightly elevated risk for NHL and HL, particularly in those with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or those undergoing specific treatments like thiopurines and anti-TNF-α.
- While the statistical risk for developing these lymphomas in IBD patients is significantly higher than the general population, the overall absolute risk remains low, indicating that not all IBD patients will develop lymphoma.
Effects of repeated weight changes on mortality are not well established. In this prospective cohort study, we followed 34,346 individuals from 1997 to 2018 for all-cause mortality, and 2016 for cause-specific mortality. At baseline, participants self-reported amount and frequency of prior weight loss.
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