Exposure to PCB52 (2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) blunts induction of the gene for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white adipose.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are linked to cancer, learning disabilities, liver and cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Older schools often contain high levels of PCBs, and inhalation is a major source of exposure. Technical PCB mixtures, called Aroclors, and individual dioxin-like PCBs impair adipocyte function, which can lead to type II diabetes.

Elucidating the Metabolism of Chiral PCB95 in Wildtype and Transgenic Mouse Models with Altered Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Using Intestinal Content Screening.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), such as 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB95), are persistent organic pollutants associated with adverse health outcomes, including developmental neurotoxicity. PCB95 is a chiral neurotoxic PCB congener atropselectively metabolized to potentially neurotoxic metabolites in vivo. However, the metabolic pathways of most PCB congeners, including PCB95, remain unknown.

Effects of 28-day nose-only inhalation of PCB52 (2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl) on the brain transcriptome.

A semi-volatile polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, PCB52, is present in the indoor air of schools; however, the effects of inhaled PCB52 on the brain have not been investigated. This study exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats at 39 days of age and female rats at 42 days of age to PCB52 for 4 hours per day over 28 consecutive days through nose-only inhalation. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted during the last 5 days of exposure.

Inhalation of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) causes changes to the gut microbiome throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), such as PCB52, are hazardous environmental contaminants present in indoor and outdoor environments. Oral PCB exposure affects the colon microbiome; however, it is unknown if inhalation of PCBs alters the intestinal microbiome. We hypothesize that sub-acute inhalation of PCB52 affects microbial communities depending on the location in the (GI) gastrointestinal tract and the local profiles of PCB52 and its metabolites present in the GI tract following mucociliary clearance and biliary or intestinal excretion.

A systematic review of herbicide safener toxicity.

Herbicide safeners are agrochemicals added to herbicide formulations to protect crops from herbicide damage without reducing the effectiveness of the herbicide against weeds. While safeners are typically structurally similar to their co-formulated herbicides, they are classified as "inert" in the United States, meaning they are not held to the same regulatory standards as the herbicides. This review systematically examines the toxicity of safeners, which is important given their large-scale global use and potential for exposure to wildlife, livestock, and humans.

Significant metabolic alterations in mouse dams exposed to an environmental mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during gestation and lactation: Insights into PCB and metabolite profiles.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites are linked to developmental neurotoxicity, but their levels in the gestational and lactational environment remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of dietary exposure to the Fox River Mixture (FRM) on serum levels of PCBs and their metabolites in female C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were exposed to 0.

Upregulation of fatty acid synthesis genes in the livers of adolescent female rats caused by inhalation exposure to PCB52 (2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl).

Elevated airborne PCB levels in older schools are concerning due to their health impacts, including cancer, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cardiovascular issues, neurodevelopmental diseases, and diabetes. During a four-week inhalation exposure to PCB52, an air pollutant commonly found in school environments, adolescent rats exhibited notable presence of PCB52 and its hydroxylated forms in their livers, alongside changes in gene expression. Female rats exhibited more pronounced changes in gene expression compared to males, particularly in fatty acid synthesis genes regulated by the transcription factor SREBP1.

Astrocyte Mitochondria Are a Sensitive Target of PCB52 and its Human-Relevant Metabolites.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial chemicals that are ubiquitously found in the environment. Exposure to these compounds has been associated with neurotoxic outcomes; however, the underlying mechanisms for such outcomes remain to be fully understood. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, are susceptible to PCB exposure as well as exposure to human-relevant metabolites of PCBs.

Developmental exposure to the Fox River PCB mixture modulates behavior in juvenile mice.

Developmental exposures to PCBs are implicated in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). This observation is concerning given the continued presence of PCBs in the human environment and the increasing incidence of NDDs. Previous studies reported that developmental exposure to legacy commercial PCB mixtures (Aroclors) or single PCB congeners found in Aroclors caused NDD-relevant behavioral phenotypes in animal models.

Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.

Importance: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an important group of persistent organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties. However, prospective cohort studies regarding the association of PBDE exposure with long-term health outcomes, particularly mortality, are lacking.

Objective: To examine the association of environmental exposure to PBDEs with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Germ-free status but not subacute polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure altered hepatic phosphatidylcholine and ether-phosphatidylcholine levels in mice.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose a current ecosystem and human health concern. PCB exposure impacts the gut microbiome in animal models, suggesting a mechanistic link between PCB exposure and adverse health outcomes. The presence and absence of the microbiome and exposure to PCBs independently affect the lipid composition in the liver, which in turn affects the PCB disposition in target tissues, such as the liver.

Distribution of 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) Metabolites in Adolescent Rats after Acute Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure.

Inhalation of PCB-contaminated air is increasingly recognized as a route for PCB exposure. Because limited information about the disposition of PCBs following inhalation exposure is available, this study investigated the disposition of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) and its metabolites in rats following acute, nose-only inhalation of PCB52. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (50-58 days of age, 210 ± 27 g; n = 6) were exposed for 4 h by inhalation to approximately 14 or 23 μg/kg body weight of PCB52 using a nose-only exposure system.

Complex roles for sulfation in the toxicities of polychlorinated biphenyls.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic toxicants derived from legacy pollution sources and their formation as inadvertent byproducts of some current manufacturing processes. Metabolism of PCBs is often a critical component in their toxicity, and relevant metabolic pathways usually include their initial oxidation to form hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs). Subsequent sulfation of OH-PCBs was originally thought to be primarily a means of detoxication; however, there is strong evidence that it may also contribute to toxicities associated with PCBs and OH-PCBs.

Bisphenol S, bisphenol F, bisphenol a exposure and body composition in US adults.

Bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are increasingly used to replace bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical with putative obesogenic properties; whether and how BPS and BPF affect adiposity in humans remains to be determined. Therefore, we examined the association of BPA, BPS， and BPF with body composition among US adults. We included 1787 participants aged 20-59 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016 who had information on urinary BPA, BPS, and BPF concentrations, and body composition measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

High-Throughput GPCRome Screen of Pollutants Reveals the Activity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls at Melatonin and Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptors.

Exposure to environmental pollutants is linked to numerous toxic outcomes, warranting concern about the effect of pollutants on human health. To assess the threat of pollutant exposure, it is essential to understand their biological activity. Unfortunately, gaps remain for many pollutants' specific biological activity and molecular targets.

Predicted versus observed activity of PCB mixtures toward the ryanodine receptor.

Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL PCBs) alter the activity of the ryanodine receptor (RyR), and this activity is linked to developmental neurotoxicity. Most work to date has focused on the activity of single congeners rather than relevant mixtures. The current study assessed the RyR activity of single congeners or binary, tertiary, and complex PCB mixtures.

Use of a polymeric implant system to assess the neurotoxicity of subacute exposure to 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol, a human metabolite of PCB 52, in male adolescent rats.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that ubiquitously exist in the environment. PCB exposure has been linked to cancer and multi-system toxicity, including endocrine disruption, immune inhibition, and reproductive and neurotoxicity. 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 52) is one of the most frequently detected congeners in the environment and human blood.

Predicted Versus Observed Activity of PCB Mixtures Toward the Ryanodine Receptor.

Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL PCBs) alter the activity of the ryanodine receptor (RyR), and this activity is linked to developmental neurotoxicity. Most work to date has focused on the activity of single congeners rather than relevant mixtures. The current study assessed the RyR activity of single congeners or binary, tertiary, and complex PCB mixtures.

Disposition and Metabolomic Effects of 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl in Female Rats Following Intraperitoneal Exposure.

Unlabelled: The disposition and toxicity of lower chlorinated PCBs (LC-PCBs) with less than five chlorine substituents have received little attention. This study characterizes the distribution and metabolomic effects of PCB 52, an LC-PCB found in indoor and outdoor air, three weeks after intraperitoneal exposure of female Sprague Dawley rats to 0, 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg BW. PCB 52 exposure did not affect overall body weight.

Disposition and metabolomic effects of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in female rats following intraperitoneal exposure.

The disposition and toxicity of lower chlorinated PCBs (LC-PCBs) with less than five chlorine substituents have received little attention. This study characterizes the distribution and metabolomic effects of PCB 52, an LC-PCB found in indoor and outdoor air, three weeks after intraperitoneal exposure of female Sprague Dawley rats to 0, 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg BW. PCB 52 exposure did not affect overall body weight.

Updating "Dataset of transcriptomic changes that occur in human preadipocytes over a 3-day course of exposure to 3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126)" with additional data on exposure to 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) or its 4-hydroxy metabolite (4-OH-PCB52).

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used extensively in building materials, including those used in schools. PCBs accumulate in fat, and exposure to PCBs is associated with the development of cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. The non-dioxin-like PCB congener, PCB52 (2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl), is found at one of the highest levels of any congener in school air.

Enantiomeric Fractions Reveal Differences in the Atropselective Disposition of 2,2',3,5',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) in Wildtype, -Null, and CYP2A6-Humanized Mice.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that can cause neurotoxicity. PCBs, such as PCB 95 (2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl), can be metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes into neurotoxic metabolites. To better understand how the metabolism of PCB 95 affects neurotoxic outcomes, we conducted a study on the disposition of PCB 95 in transgenic mouse models.

Adults.

Background: Laboratory studies have linked nickel with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, few observational studies in humans have confirmed this association.

Objective: This study aimed to use urinary nickel concentrations, as a biomarker of environmental nickel exposure, to evaluate the cross-sectional association between nickel exposure and CVD in a nationally representative sample of U.S.