Association of depressive symptoms with incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 over 2 years among healthcare workers in 20 countries: multi-country serial cross-sectional study.

Background: Long-term deterioration in the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been reported during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Determining the impact of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on the mental health of HCWs is essential to prepare for potential new pandemics. This study aimed to investigate the association of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with depressive symptoms over 2 years among HCWs in 20 countries during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Systematic review of the epidemiology of eating disorders in the Arab world.

Purpose Of Review: The Arab world is dealing with modernization and sociocultural changes both associated with eating disorders. The present review provides an update of 'Eating disorders in the Arab world: a literature review', which was published in 2020.

Recent Findings: There are 22 recent epidemiological studies on eating disorders in five different countries in the Arab world.

Maternal Migration, Prenatal Stress and Child Autistic Traits: Insights From a Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: There is emerging evidence for an increased prevalence of autism in children of mothers with a migration background. To date, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. We investigated whether prenatal stress exposure mediates the association between maternal migration and child autistic traits, assessing first- and second-generation migrant mothers in the Netherlands and their children.

Inequality on the frontline: A multi-country study on gender differences in mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, with prior data suggesting women may be particularly vulnerable. Our global mental health study aimed to examine factors associated with gender differences in psychological distress and depressive symptoms among HCWs during COVID-19. Across 22 countries in South America, Europe, Asia and Africa, 32,410 HCWs participated in the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study between March 2020 and February 2021.

The impact of raising a child with a developmental or physical health condition in Ethiopia.

Objective: Raising a child with a developmental disability or physical health condition can have a major impact on the lives of their families, especially in low-income countries. We explored the impact on such families in Ethiopia.

Study Design: A total of 241 child-caregiver dyads were recruited from two public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Increase in incidence of anorexia nervosa among 10- to 14-year-old girls: A nationwide study in the Netherlands over four decades.

Objective: This primary care study examined time trends in the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in the Netherlands across four decades.

Methods: A nationwide network of general practitioners, serving approximately 1% of the total Dutch population, recorded newly diagnosed patients with AN and BN in their practices from 1985 to 2019 (2,890,978 person-years). DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were consistently used and the same psychiatrist was responsible for the final diagnostic decision.

Psychological, behavioural, and physical aspects of caregiver strain in autism-caregivers: a cohort study.

Background: People who give care to autistic individuals (autism-caregivers) experience higher levels of caregiver strain than people who provide care for individuals with other chronic conditions (non-autism-caregivers). This places them at higher risk for psychological, behavioural and physical health concerns. The aim of this study is to delineate psychological, behavioural, and physical aspects of caregiver strain in autism-caregivers compared to non-autism-caregivers.

Update on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among older people.

Purpose Of Review: We reviewed the recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among middle-aged and older women and men.

Recent Findings: Recent studies show that among older female persons, the prevalence rates with full diagnoses of eating disorders based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria are between 2.1 and 7.

Traditional and faith-based healthcare in the management of psychotic disorders in Africa: in search for synergy.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the current literature on the role of traditional and faith-based healthcare in the management of psychotic disorders in Africa.

Recent Findings: In contemporary Africa, individuals with psychosis and traditional and faith healers (TFH) are pluralistic towards their understanding of psychosis and their help-seeking behaviour. Traditional healing is perceived to be helpful to patients with psychotic disorders and their family members and may have a positive influence on the course of psychosis in some selected individuals.

Three- and five-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy before bariatric surgery.

Objective: Up to 37% of bariatric surgery patients suffer from insufficient weight loss or weight regain and mental health symptoms in the longer term. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be an effective adjunct intervention to optimize patients' psychological functioning and weight loss results. To examine the value of adding preoperative CBT to bariatric surgery, three- and five-year follow-up data are presented.

Course of psychotic experiences and disorders among apprentice traditional health practitioners in rural South Africa: 3-year follow-up study.

Background: Culture is inevitably linked with the experience, interpretation and course of what modern biomedicine understands to be psychotic symptoms. However, data on psychoses in low- and middle-income countries are sparse. Our previous study showed that psychotic and mood-related experiences, symptoms and disorders are common among individuals who had received the ancestral calling to become a traditional health practitioner (THP) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Update on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanic/Latinx Americans in the United States.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides a 6-year update on the prevalence and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanic/Latinx Americans in the United States.

Recent Findings: Prevalence of eating disorders tends to be lower in Hispanic/Latinx American adolescents and adults relative to non-Hispanic White peers. Numerous risk factors for disordered eating symptoms have been identified, including negative body image, depression, sexual assault and culturally specific risk factors, including ethnic discrimination and acculturative stress.

Review of the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of eating disorders.

Purpose Of Review: To review the recent literature on the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on incidence and severity of symptoms of eating disorders (EDs).

Recent Findings: A worrying increase of EDs in- and outpatients has been reported since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2019/2020. Restrictions implemented during the pandemic to protect populations against COVID-19 increased the risk for onset and for worsening of EDs by disrupting eating and exercise routines, social isolation, lack of support, and limited access to healthcare.

The Association Between Exposure to COVID-19 and Mental Health Outcomes Among Healthcare Workers.

Due to the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care systems, there has been great interest in the mental wellbeing of healthcare workers. While most studies investigated mental health outcomes among frontline vs. non-frontline healthcare workers, little is known about the impact of various work-related variables.

Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Body Mass Index in Young Adulthood: Mediated by Depression and Anxiety?

We examined whether childhood abuse is related to body mass index (BMI) in young adults and whether this relationship is mediated by depression and anxiety. Data are from the Dutch longitudinal cohort study TRAILS (n = 836, n = 719). At wave 4, childhood sexual, physical and verbal abuse, and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were assessed.

Movement Disorders and Mortality in Severely Mentally Ill Patients: The Curacao Extrapyramidal Syndromes Study XIV.

Background And Hypothesis: There is a substantial gap in life expectancy between patients with severe mental illness (SMI) and the general population and it is important to understand which factors contribute to this difference. Research suggests an association between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and mortality; however, results are inconclusive. In addition, studies investigating associations between parkinsonism or akathisia and mortality are rare.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers: study protocol for the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study.

Background: Preliminary country-specific reports suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the mental health of the healthcare workforce. In this paper, we summarize the protocol of the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study, an ongoing, global initiative, aimed to describe and track longitudinal trajectories of mental health symptoms and disorders among health care workers at different phases of the pandemic across a wide range of countries in Latin America, Europe, Africa, Middle-East, and Asia.

Methods: Participants from various settings, including primary care clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, and mental health facilities, are being enrolled.

Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Purpose Of Review: To review the recent literature on the epidemiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in terms of incidence, prevalence and mortality.

Recent Findings: Although the overall incidence rate of anorexia nervosa is considerably stable over the past decades, the incidence among younger persons (aged <15 years) has increased. It is unclear whether this reflects earlier detection or earlier age of onset.

Best Practice for De-Vulcanization of Waste Passenger Car Tire Rubber Granulate Using 2-2-dibenzamidodiphenyldisulfide as De-Vulcanization Agent in a Twin-Screw Extruder.

De-vulcanization of rubber has been shown to be a viable process to reuse this valuable material. The purpose of the de-vulcanization is to release the crosslinked nature of the highly elastic tire rubber granulate. For present day passenger car tires containing the synthetic rubbers Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and Butadiene Rubber (BR) and a high amount of silica as reinforcing filler, producing high quality devulcanizate is a major challenge.

Social Defeat, Psychotic Symptoms, and Crime in Young Caribbean Immigrants to Rotterdam.

The negative experience of being excluded from the majority group (social defeat) may be associated with psychosis in immigrants. The social defeat hypothesis is supported by the high frequency of perceived discrimination and acculturation problems in psychotic immigrants. In addition, social defeat may lead to crime through social problems such as unemployment, school dropout, a broken family structure, or psychotic symptoms.

The impact of study design on schizophrenia incidence estimates: A systematic review of Northern European studies 2008-2019.

The best estimates of the incidence of schizophrenia range more than 25-fold from 3 to 80 per 100,000 person-years. To what extent do differences in study design explain this wide variation? We selected all studies published between 2008-2019 reporting the incidence of schizophrenia in general populations of Northern Europe. We identified 17 estimates covering 85 million person-years and more than 15,000 individual cases.

Risk factors in preadolescent boys and girls for the development of eating pathology in young adulthood.

Objective: Despite a growing literature on potential risk factors for eating disorders, longitudinal research starting before adolescence is scarce, and little is known about risk factors in males. We investigated risk factors in preadolescent boys and girls for the development of eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood.

Method: This study is part of TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch population-based cohort study (N = 2,229) from preadolescence into adulthood.

Meta-analysis of probability estimates of worldwide variation of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.

Extensive migration has led to the necessity of knowledge regarding the treatment of migrants with different ethnical backgrounds. This is especially relevant for pharmacological treatment, because of the significant variation between migrant groups in their capacity to metabolize drugs. For psychiatric medications, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzymes are clinically relevant.

Autism Spectrum Disorder Alertness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians: Effects of a Live Online Educational Program.

We investigated the effect of a live online educational program in 93 Dutch Youth and Family Center (YFC) physicians who were screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the general child population. The educational program raised the physicians' level of specific ASD knowledge and it remained higher at six months follow-up (p < .01).

Age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2012 to 2019.

We currently assume that the global mean age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder ranges from 38 to 120 months. However, this range is based on studies from 1991 to 2012 and measures have since been introduced to reduce the age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies) for studies published between 2012 and 2019 to evaluate the current age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.