Family participation in essential care activities: Needs, perceptions, preferences, and capacities of intensive care unit patients, relatives, and healthcare providers-An integrative review.

Background: Family participation in essential care activities may benefit both patients and relatives.

Objectives: In this integrative review, we aimed to identify needs, perceptions, preferences, and capacities regarding family participation in essential care in intensive care units (ICUs) from the patient's, relatives', and ICU healthcare providers' perspective.

Review Method Used: An integrative review method was used.

Dysregulated Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Discriminate Disease Severity in COVID-19.

The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies and the differences in host response characterizing this variation have not been fully elucidated. COVID-19 disease severity correlates with an excessive proinflammatory immune response and profound lymphopenia. Inflammatory responses according to disease severity were explored by plasma cytokine measurements and proteomics analysis in 147 COVID-19 patients.

Phenylephrine impairs host defence mechanisms to infection: a combined laboratory study in mice and translational human study.

Background: Immunosuppression after surgery is associated with postoperative complications, mediated in part by catecholamines that exert anti-inflammatory effects via the β-adrenergic receptor. Phenylephrine, generally regarded as a selective α-adrenergic agonist, is frequently used to treat perioperative hypotension. However, phenylephrine may impair host defence through β-adrenergic affinity.

Outcomes Associated With Use of a Kinin B2 Receptor Antagonist Among Patients With COVID-19.

This case-control study examines the association between receipt of the bradykinin 2 (B2) receptor antagonist icatibant and improved oxygenation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Rationale and design of the PRAETORIAN-COVID trial: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with valsartan for PRevention of Acute rEspiraTORy dIstress syndrome in hospitAlized patieNts with SARS-COV-2 Infection Disease.

There is much debate on the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. Although it has been suggested that ARBs might lead to a higher susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, experimental data suggest that ARBs may reduce acute lung injury via blocking angiotensin-II-mediated pulmonary permeability, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, despite these hypotheses, specific studies on ARBs in SARS-CoV-2 patients are lacking.

Determining the impact of timing and of clinical factors during end-of-life decision-making in potential controlled donation after circulatory death donors.

Controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) occurs after a decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatment and subsequent family approach and approval for donation. We currently lack data on factors that impact the decision-making process on withdraw life-sustaining treatment and whether time from admission to family approach, influences family consent rates. Such insights could be important in improving the clinical practice of potential cDCD donors.

Application of ultrasound dilution technology for cardiac output measurement: Cerebral and systemic hemodynamic consequences in a juvenile animal model.

Objective: Analysis of cerebral and systemic hemodynamic consequences of ultrasound dilution cardiac output measurements.

Design: : Prospective, experimental piglet study.

Setting: Animal laboratory.

Cardiac output measurement in ventilated lambs with a significant left-to-right shunt using the modified carbon dioxide fick method.

Background: It remains a great challenge to measure systemic blood flow in critically ill newborns. In a former study we validated the modified carbon dioxide Fick (mCO(2)F) method for measurement of cardiac output in a newborn lamb model. In this new study we studied the influence of a left-to-right shunt on the accuracy of the mCO(2)F method.

Cardiac output measurement using an ultrasound dilution method: a validation study in ventilated piglets.

Objective: To assess agreement between a new method of cardiac output monitoring, using ultrasound dilution technology and ultrasound transit time-based measurement of pulmonary blood flow in a piglet model.

Design: Prospective, experimental juvenile animal study.

Setting: Animal laboratory of a university hospital.

Hypercapnic acidosis attenuates the pulmonary innate immune response in ventilated healthy mice.

Background: Mechanical ventilation with small tidal volumes reduces the development of ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality, but may increase PaCO2. It is not clear whether the beneficial effect of a lung-protective strategy results from reduced ventilation pressures/tidal volumes or is mediated by the effects of hypercapnic acidosis on the inflammatory response involved in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury.

Objective: To analyze whether hypercapnic acidosis affects lung tissue cytokine levels and leukocyte influx in healthy ventilated mice.

Cardiac output measurement using a modified carbon dioxide Fick method: a validation study in ventilated lambs.

Cardiac output can be measured using a modified carbon dioxide Fick (mCO2F) method. A validation study was performed comparing mCO2F method-derived cardiac output (Q(mCO2F)) with invasively measured pulmonary blood flow. In seven randomly bred ventilated newborn lambs, cardiac output was manipulated by creating hemorrhagic hypotension.

Small increases in the urinary excretion of glutathione S-transferase A1 and P1 after cardiac surgery are not associated with clinically relevant renal injury.

Objective: Cardiac surgery is an important risk factor for the development of acute renal failure. Cytosolic enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1 and P1 are present selectively in proximal and distal tubular cells, respectively. We determined the extent and site of tubular injury and examined if GST excretion may predict a clinically relevant change in renal function.