The Effect of Corrective Exercises on Ground Reaction Forces in Male Students With Upper Crossed Syndrome During Throwing.

Purpose: Poor posture has a negative impact on physical capability and is associated with changes in biomechanics and motor control. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of corrective exercises on ground reaction forces (GRFs) in male student handball players with upper crossed syndrome (UCS) during throwing.

Methods: Thirty male handball students with UCS participated in this single-blind randomized controlled trial (IRCT20200622047888N2; IR.

The association between smoking/vaping habits and self-reported respiratory symptoms.

Background: Smoking is well known for its harmful effect on the respiratory system, but whether vaping is less harmful is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association of smoking/vaping habits with self-reported respiratory symptoms in vapers and cigarette smokers.

Methods: An online survey was developed and shared on different vaping and smoking social media platforms and communities.

Nutrition Practices of Lithuanian Elite International and National-level Male Bodybuilders in the Pre-competition Period.

Objectives: To compare the pre-competition nutrition practices of Lithuanian elite international-level (IL) and national-level (NL) bodybuilders.

Methods: Sixteen male bodybuilders (n=8 per group) were enrolled. The IL group comprised individuals achieving 1 to 4 place in the World and European Championships organized by the IFBB, whereas the NL group ranked between 1 and 6 place in the national championships.

The Application of Robotics in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

: Robotics is commonly used in the rehabilitation of neuro-musculoskeletal injuries and diseases. While in these conditions, robotics has clear benefits, it is unknown whether robotics will also enhance the outcome of cardiac rehabilitation. This systematic review evaluates the use of robotics in cardiac rehabilitation.

Stroke-induced excess in capillarization relative to oxidative capacity in rats is muscle specific.

Stroke is not only associated with muscle weakness, but also associated with reduced muscle fatigue resistance and reduced desaturation during exercise that may be caused by a reduced oxidative capacity and/or microvasculature. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of stroke on muscle mass, fiber size and shape, capillarization and oxidative capacity of the rat m. extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and m.

The Effects of Digital Health Interventions for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in People with COPD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third most common cause of death globally. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes are important to reduce COPD symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with COPD. Digital health interventions have recently been adopted in PR programmes, which allow people with COPD to participate in such programmes with low barriers.

Discipline-specific Torque-Velocity Profiles and Musculotendinous Morphology in Athletes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare torque-velocity profiles, muscle architecture, tendon dimensions, and bilateral-symmetry between competitive cyclists (CY), competitive runners (RN), ice-hockey players (IH), basketball players (BP), and physically-active individuals (CN) (n=10 for each group).

Methods: Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and patellar tendon (PT) structures were determined with B-mode ultrasonography, and maximal knee extensor isokinetic torque was assessed at three different velocities.

Results: Optimal torque and velocity were lower in runners than CY, BP and IH (p<0.

Effect of a slump posture on pain, proprioception, and electrical activity of the muscles in office workers with chronic non-specific neck pain. A retrospective study.

Background: The impact of computer typing in a slump posture on pain, proprioception and muscle recruitment has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of pain, proprioception and muscle activity resulting from computer typing in a slump posture in women who already suffer from chronic neck pain.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 20 to July 10, 2021.

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy rewires glucose metabolism: An experimental investigation and systematic review.

Background: Proliferating cancer cells shift their metabolism towards glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, to especially generate glycolytic intermediates as substrates for anabolic reactions. We hypothesize that a similar metabolic remodelling occurs during skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Methods: We used mass spectrometry in hypertrophying C2C12 myotubes in vitro and plantaris mouse muscle in vivo and assessed metabolomic changes and the incorporation of the [U-C]glucose tracer.

Evaluating the effects of hormone therapy termination on skeletal muscle and physical independence in postmenopausal women.

Objective: In women, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle structure and function is accelerated after menopause, which implicates the role of decreased circulating estrogen levels. Indeed, boosting estrogen, by means of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), generally proves beneficial to skeletal muscle. The evidence regarding whether these benefits persist even after cessation of HT is limited, nor is it clear how physical behavior (PB) impacts on benefits.

Obesity-related reduced spirometry and altered breathing pattern are associated with mechanical disadvantage of the diaphragm.

The aim of this study was to characterize the breathing patterns of individuals with obesity during routine activities such as sitting and standing, and to identify potential contributors to alterations in these patterns. Measurements performed in 20 male subjects with obesity (BMI, 31.8±1.

Smoking cessation only partially reverses cardiac metabolic and structural remodeling in mice.

Aims: Active cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that remains elevated after cessation. Skeletal muscle dysfunction has been well documented after smoking, but little is known about cardiac adaptations to cigarette smoking. The underlying cellular and molecular cardiac adaptations, independent of confounding lifestyle factors, and time course of reversibility by smoking cessation remain unclear.

An Cardiomyocyte Reveals the Impact of Changes in CaMKII Signalling on Cardiomyocyte Contraction Kinetics in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterised by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiomyocyte dysfunction that may cause sudden death. HCM is associated with mutations in sarcomeric proteins and is usually transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms that underlie the altered electrophysiological activity, contractility, regulation of energy metabolism, and crossbridge cycling in HCM at the single-cell level.

Sedentary behaviour (especially accumulation pattern) has an independent negative impact on skeletal muscle size and architecture in community-dwelling older adults.

Prolonged sedentary behaviour (SB) i.e. longer bouts, is suggested to have a range of negative health effects, independent of habitual light and medium-to-vigorous physical activity (LIPA or MVPA).

Concurrent Validity of Four Activity Monitors in Older Adults.

Sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) have been shown to be independent modulators of healthy ageing. We thus investigated the impact of activity monitor placement on the accuracy of detecting SB and PA in older adults, as well as a novel random forest algorithm trained on data from older persons. Four monitor types (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, ActivPAL3c VT, GENEActiv Original, and DynaPort MM+) were simultaneously worn on five anatomical sites during ten different activities by a sample of twenty older adults (70.

Predictors of Running-Related Injury Among Recreational Runners: A Prospective Cohort Study of the Role of Perfectionism, Mental Toughness, and Passion in Running.

Background: The health benefits associated with recreational running are challenged by the occurrence of running-related injuries (RRIs). Effective preventive measures require knowledge of sport injury etiology. Psychological factors such as perfectionism, mental toughness, and passion are believed to predispose to sports injury by influencing training behaviors, motivation to run, and suppression of feelings of fatigue and pain.

No ageing-related increase in fibre type grouping in sprint-trained masters runners: A 10-year follow-up study.

Background: Previous research suggests that an ageing-associated remodelling and loss of motor units due to motor neuron death contributes significantly to muscle weakness in old age. In histological sections, motor unit remodelling is reflected by increased fibre type grouping. While regular exercise may not attenuate the loss of motor units during ageing, it has been suggested to facilitate reinnervation resulting in larger motor units, and a higher number and larger fibre type groups in histological sections of muscles from aged individuals.

Oldies, but goldies-preserved morphology and stability of antigenic determinants in decades-old cryosections of human m. vastus lateralis.

Fibre typing by immunohistochemistry on cryosections from human skeletal muscle biopsies is an essential tool in the diagnosis and research of muscular diseases, ageing, and responses to exercise training and disuse. Preserving a good quality in these frozen specimens can be challenging especially if they are stored for longer periods before histological processing, which is often the case in studies with a large number of test subjects and/or repeated sampling separated by multiple years. We demonstrate in this article that both, the morphology and reactivity of epitopes to myosin heavy chain isoforms and dystrophin are well preserved in up to 18-year-stored unfixed and unstained cryosections of human m.

Is an Exercise-Based Injury-Prevention Program Effective in Team Handball Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of exercise-based injury-prevention programs in preventing sports injuries in team handball players.

Data Sources: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL from inception until April 2023.

Study Selection: Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, contained a population of competitive team handball players, included an intervention designed specifically to prevent or reduce the risk of team handball injuries, and reported injury incidence rates specific to team handball players.

A modelling approach to disentangle the factors limiting muscle oxygenation in smokers.

Cigarette smoking is associated with a lower exercise capacity and lower muscle fatigue resistance. This is at least partly attributable to carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) in the blood that via reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity, and the left-shift of the Hb-dissociation curve would reduce tissue oxygenation. On the other hand, a reduced oxygen uptake due to mitochondrial dysfunction would result in improved oxygenation.

A simple framework to distinguish 'individualistic' from a 'uniform rate' of ageing within or between study populations.

Ageing is accompanied by a progressive decline in physiological functions. It is often argued that the rate of ageing differs between people and is 'highly individualistic'. This view is not unequivocally shared, and others have argued that the rate of ageing is rather 'uniform'.

Decrements of mobility and power in recreationally active septuagenarians is related to loss of force, but not slowing of the muscle: a 5-year longitudinal study.

A lesser 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and timed up-and-go (TUG) in old compared with young adults was previously linked to slowing of muscle contractile properties. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether any further reductions in 6MWD and TUG over a 5-year period in septuagenarians are associated with further slowing of muscle contractile properties. We measured muscle function by a countermovement jump, isometric maximal knee extensor strength (MVC) on a dynamometer and quadriceps muscle size by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 17 older women (71.