Recurrence of Susac Syndrome following 23 Years of Remission.

Susac syndrome is an autoimmune microangiopathy affecting the brain, retina and inner ear (cochlea and semicircular canals), leading to encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAOs) and asymmetric neurosensory hearing loss, respectively. The natural history and long-term prognosis are variable as the disease has been shown to be monophasic and self-limiting, polycyclic or chronic continuous. We describe a 35-year-old woman who presented with a sudden hearing loss in the left ear in the 37th week of her second pregnancy.

Cognitive behaviour therapy for hyperacusis: a randomized controlled trial.

Hyperacusis, defined as unusual intolerance to ordinary environmental sounds, is a common problem for which there are no controlled trials on psychological treatment. Given the avoidance strategies present in hyperacusis, and similarities with problems such as tinnitus and chronic pain, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is hypothesized to be helpful for patients with hyperacusis. In this randomized controlled study of 60 patients with hyperacusis, CBT was compared with a waiting list control group using the Loudness Discomfort Level test (LDL), the Hyperacusis Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales, the Quality of Life Inventory and an adapted version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.

Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for tinnitus patients delivered in a regular clinical setting: outcome and analysis of treatment dropout.

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) can reduce tinnitus distress but is not available for most patients. Therapist guided, internet-based CBT (ICBT) increase availability and has been shown to be effective. However, the initial positive results need to be replicated in larger samples, and treatment dropout has not been thoroughly studied.

Psychiatric comorbidity and personality traits in patients with hyperacusis.

Objective: Hyperacusis, defined as unusual intolerance of ordinary environmental sounds, is a common problem. In spite of this, there is limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that individuals with hyperacusis would be prone to suffer from psychiatric disorders, related in particular to anxiety.

Tibolone low dose (1.25 mg/d) therapy and postural balance in elderly women.

Unlabelled: Most hip fractures occur in subjects without osteoporosis and are associated with a fall. Conventional menopausal hormone therapy (HT) improves postural balance, which might explain the rapid reduction in hip fracture risk. It is unclear whether tibolone improves postural balance, which might determine its effects on peripheral fracture risk.

Internet versus group cognitive-behavioral treatment of distress associated with tinnitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Tinnitus distress can be reduced by means of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), and the treatment can be delivered in different ways. The most recent format is Internet-based self-help. The aim of this study was to compare this treatment (n= 26) with standard group-based CBT (n=25) in a randomized controlled trial.

Use of a self-help book with weekly therapist contact to reduce tinnitus distress: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Tinnitus distress can be reduced by means of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). To compensate for the shortage of CBT therapists, we aimed, in this study, to investigate the effects of a CBT-based self-help book guided by brief telephone support.

Methods: Seventy-two patients were randomized either to a self-help book and seven weekly phone calls or to a wait-list control condition, later on receiving the self-help book with less therapist support.

Hormone therapy and postural balance in elderly women.

Objective: Most fractures occur in elderly individuals without osteoporosis, and more than 90% of all hip fractures are associated with a fall. It is unclear whether hormone therapy (HT) can improve postural balance when initiated in elderly women and the effect of endogenous estradiol (E2) levels.

Design: Forty healthy women (33 assessable), age 60 years or older, were recruited through advertising in the local media.

Early postmenopausal hormone therapy improves postural balance.

Objective: Postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) results in more substantial reductions in the risk of hip fracture when initiated sooner rather than later after menopause. We studied the effects of postmenopausal HT on the postural balance of postmenopausal women, with further assessment according to the time since they achieved menopause.

Design: One hundred women with a mean age of 52.

Familial Ménière's disease in five generations.

Objective: Clinical characterization of a Swedish family followed for five generations. Several members of each generation had Ménière's disease (MD). Possible modes of genetic transmission were assessed.

Treatment of tinnitus in the elderly: a controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in elderly people with tinnitus (<65 years). Thirty-seven patients were called in for a structured interview. Following exclusion, twenty-three participated in the trial.

[Hyperacusis--an unexplored field. Cognitive behavior therapy can relieve problems in auditory intolerance, a condition with many questions].

Hyperacusis is defined as unusual intolerance to ordinary environmental sounds, and is commonly reported in the general population and in association with a range of medical conditions. These include neurological deficits (e.g.

A controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy combined with vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness.

Dizziness is a common and often untreated symptom in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined cognitive-behavioral/vestibular rehabilitation (VR) program, using a randomized control design. A total of 29 participants were randomized to treatment consisting of psychoeducation, vestibular exercises, relaxation and cognitive interventions, or to serve as waiting list controls.

Internet-based cognitive-behavioral self-help treatment of tinnitus: clinical effectiveness and predictors of outcome.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for tinnitus in a nonrandomized clinical effectiveness study with a sample of consecutive patients referred for psychological treatment (N = 77). Results were calculated at a group level on an intention-to-treat basis and showed significant reductions of distress on the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (P. H.

Cognitive bias in dizziness: emotional Stroop and autobiographical memories.

Dizziness is commonly associated with anxiety, and is often caused by a dysfunction of the balance system. While a link between dizziness and both anxiety disorders and depression has been established, less is known about information processing in dizziness. In the first experiment we tested whether 15 patients with dizziness would display an emotional Stroop effect for panic-related words.

[Cognitive behavior therapy via Internet. Patients with tinnitus are helped to manage their problem--simpler and cheaper].

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing distress in tinnitus patients. To make CBT more available, an Internet-based self-help treatment has been used since 1999 at the department of Audiology, Uppsala University hospital. After initial medical and psychological assessment the patients get access to the Internet treatment.

[Tinnitus affects 15 percent--today's environmental noise a risk factor. Early treatment can prevent chronic problems].

A substantial proportion of individuals in the general population have tinnitus and 1-3% suffer from severe tinnitus affecting sleep, concentration, and mood. For a majority of patients with tinnitus degree of hearing loss plays a significant role. Several potential causes and aggravating factors have been suggested, but there is still not a single theory available to explain why tinnitus is so bothersome for some individuals.

Dual-task study of cognitive and postural interference in patients with vestibular disorders.

Objective: To study the relation between a mental task (silent backward counting) and posture in patients with vestibular deficits and to study the role of attention.

Study Design: In Experiment 1, postural sway and performance on the mental task were measured in a 2 x 2 dual-task design (with or without mental task and calf stimulation). In Experiment 2 a similar design was used, the only difference being that during trials without the mental task, patients were instructed to focus on their balance and provide a rating of body sway.

Effect of cognitive load on postural control.

The present study reports findings from two experiments on the relation between a mental task (silent backward counting) and posture. The first experiment included 30 normal subjects and the second experiment 20 normal subjects. In Experiment 1 postural sway and performance of the mental task were measured in a 2 x 2 dual-task design (with or without mental task and calf stimulation).