[Uncertainties with starting new vaccinations: a comparison between polio and covid-19 vaccination].

In 1956 The Netherlands experienced a major outbreak of poliomyelitis with over 2200 patients. A vaccine was in reach, and it was used. Now, polio is nearly eradicated globally with vaccinations.

[Diphtheria: a 'forgotten' disease?].

Respiratory diphtheria is an acute respiratory tract infection. The high mortality rates (5-10%) are related to airway obstruction and local and systemic effects of the diphtheria toxin. Vaccination against diphtheria has been available through the Dutch national vaccination programme since the 1950s.

Elevated Immune Response Among Children 4 Years of Age With Pronounced Local Adverse Events After the Fifth Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination.

Background: In the Netherlands, acellular pertussis vaccines replaced the more reactogenic whole-cell pertussis vaccines. This replacement in the primary immunization schedule of infants coincided with a significant increase in pronounced local adverse events (AEs) in 4 years old children shortly after the administration of a fifth diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and inactivated polio (DTaP-IPV) vaccine. The objective of this study was to investigate possible differences in vaccine antigen-specific immune responses between children with and without a pronounced local AE after the fifth DTaP-IPV vaccination.

Adverse events and association with age, sex and immunological parameters of Q fever vaccination in patients at risk for chronic Q fever in the Netherlands 2011.

Background: Following a large Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands, patients at risk for chronic Q fever received a whole-cell Q fever vaccine. Sensitized people were excluded based on pre-vaccination screening with skin test (ST) and serology. An investigational IFN-γ-production assay was added.

Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in children from three to seventeen years of age.

Objectives: This study was designed to identify the optimal dose of an MF59-adjuvanted, monovalent, A/H1N1 influenza vaccine in healthy paediatric subjects.

Methods: Subjects aged 3-8 years (n=194) and 9-17 years (n=160) were randomized to receive two primary doses of A/H1N1 vaccine containing either 3.75 μg antigen with half a standard dose of MF59 adjuvant, 7.

Immunogenicity and tolerability of an MF59-adjuvanted, egg-derived, A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in children 6-35 months of age.

Background: Vaccines against pandemic A/H1N1 influenza should provide protective immunity in children, because they are at greater risk of disease than adults. This study was conducted to identify the optimal dose of an MF59®-adjuvanted, egg-derived, A/H1N1 influenza vaccine for young children.

Methods: Children 6-11 months (N = 144) and 12-35 months (N = 186) of age received vaccine formulations containing either 3.

[Reported adverse events following influenza vaccination].

Objective: Review of case reports of possible adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after vaccination with an influenza vaccine in the past three years.

Design: Descriptive, retrospective.

Method: Lareb (Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre) investigated and reviewed reports of possible AEFI after vaccination with an influenza vaccine over seasons 2010-2011, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

Selection of an adjuvant for seasonal influenza vaccine in elderly people: modelling immunogenicity from a randomized trial.

Background: Improved influenza vaccines are needed to reduce influenza-associated complications in older adults. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal formulation of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine for use in elderly people.

Methods: This observer-blind, randomized study assessed the optimal formulation of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine based on immunogenicity and safety in participants aged ≥65 years.

Implementation of a Q fever vaccination program for high-risk patients in the Netherlands.

Background: Between 2007 and 2011 the Netherlands was faced with an unprecedented Q fever outbreak with more than 4000 people affected. Dairy goats were considered the main source of infection. In addition to taking veterinary measures, the Dutch government offered an unlicensed vaccine against the causative bacterium Coxiella burnetii to patient groups at high-risk of Q fever complications.

Specific interferon γ detection for the diagnosis of previous Q fever.

Background: Current practice for diagnosis of Q fever, caused by the intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii, relies mainly on serology and, in prevaccination assessment, on skin tests (STs), which both have drawbacks. In this study, C. burnetii-specific interferon γ (IFN-γ) production was used as a new diagnostic tool for previous Q fever, circumventing most of these drawbacks.

Immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine (Zostavax®) in individuals aged ≥ 70 years: a randomized study of a single dose vs. two different two-dose schedules.

Disease protection provided by herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination tends to reduce as age increases. This study was designed to ascertain whether a second dose of the HZ vaccine, Zostavax(®), would increase varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific immune response among individuals aged ≥ 70 y. Individuals aged ≥ 70 y were randomized to receive HZ vaccine in one of three schedules: a single dose (0.

The burden of varicella from a parent's perspective and its societal impact in The Netherlands: an Internet survey.

Background: Varicella is a common childhood disease. Only 5% of first varicella-zoster-virus infections occur asymptomatically. Most data on the burden of varicella stem from health service databases.

[Vaccination against chickenpox, shingles and rotavirus-infection].

The Dutch National Immunisation Programme (NIP) has been very successful over the past 50 years. In future, this programme shall not include all new vaccines. Such vaccines can, however, be individually administered.

Safety and reactogenicity profile of an adjuvanted H5N1 pandemic candidate vaccine in adults within a phase III safety trial.

A multicentre, randomized, phase III clinical trial in 5071 healthy adults was conducted to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of a 15 microg HA dose of a candidate oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvant system (AS)-adjuvanted split-virion H5N1 (AS-H5N1) vaccine compared to a licensed seasonal influenza vaccine, Fluarix.(1) Stringent criteria were used to evaluate adverse events and reactogenicity profile. Overall, 96.

Immunization of early adolescent females with human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine containing AS04 adjuvant.

Purpose: In female individuals 15-25-years of age, the AS04-containing human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 vaccine is highly immunogenic and provides up to 100% protection against HPV-16/18 persistent infection and associated cervical lesions up to 4.5 years. Optimal cervical cancer prevention will require prophylactic vaccination against oncogenic HPV 16 and 18 before the onset of sexual activity in early adolescent girls.

Combination vaccine against invasive meningococcal B and pneumococcal infections: potential epidemiological and economic impact in the Netherlands.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis group B are among the main causes of invasive bacterial meningitis infections in infants. Worldwide, these diseases lead to significant mortality, morbidity and costs. The societal impact is especially severe since the majority of cases occur in very young infants.

Reactogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccine in 4-year-olds in The Netherlands.

Aim: To observe reactogenicity of a three-component acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine simultaneously given with dT-IPV vaccine at the age of 4 years.

Results: Of 813 subjects 36% had no adverse events. At the first day the score for pain was 47-55% (aP versus dT-IPV), for redness 3-4% and for swelling 5-6%.