Development of nocturia in relation to health, age and the menopause.

Objectives: To analyse the relationship between nocturia, age, the menopausal transition, parturition and hormone replacement treatment (HRT) in women.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 randomly selected women (out of 6000 invited) in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. Questions were asked about health, the occurrence of somatic diseases and symptoms, habits, health care and medication.

Walking for exercise--does three times per week influence risk factors in type 2 diabetes?

In order to assess the effects of regular walking on metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes 26 patients from one primary care clinic, aged 60.0+/-7.3 years, participated in a walking program during 4 months.

Oral dryness, nocturia and the menopause.

Objective: To analyse the relationship between oral dryness (OD), nocturia, the menopausal transition and some medical conditions and medications in women.

Methods: A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 randomly selected women (out of 6000 invited) in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. Questions were asked about occurrence of somatic diseases and symptoms, nocturia, nocturnal thirst and drinking, and the use of drugs.

Smoking during pregnancy: comparison of self-reports and cotinine levels in 496 women.

Objective: To validate self-reported smoking habits in smoking pregnant women and estimate the prevalence of substantial exposure to passive smoking in non-smoking pregnant women.

Design: Retrospective, quantitative study, consecutively collected samples.

Setting: One antenatal clinic in Blekinge County, Sweden.

Locus of control in relation to smoking cessation during pregnancy.

Aims: This study was carried out to investigate how the locus of control (LOC) varies between those who stop smoking in connection with pregnancy and those who do not. The LOC reflects the extent to which a person is in control of her or his life events.

Methods: One hundred and two women who were regular smokers at the time of conception and paid their first visits to the antenatal clinic (ANC) on account of the current pregnancy participated.