Immunomodulatory and bone regenerative properties of copper/procyanidins-modified titanium surfaces.

The inflammatory response triggered by the interaction between implants and macrophages is essential for bone regeneration around these implants. This study presents the application of dopamine hydrochloride to develop a copper and procyanidins coating on titanium surfaces to investigate its effects on bacterial inhibition, macrophage polarization, and osteogenic differentiation. The results demonstrated that this copper/procyanidins coating significantly suppressed the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

MoO nanobelts cathode promotes Al insertion in aqueous aluminum-ion batteries.

Aqueous aluminium ion batteries (AAIBs) have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical capacity, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the Research and Development (R&D) of cathode materials has limited its development and application. MoO has been proven to be a reliable and stable cathode material, nevertheless, it faces the dilemma of poor cycling performance and low specific capacity in AAIBs due to the irreversible phase transition in its structure.

Construction of VO@MXene Cathodes toward a High Specific Capacity Aqueous Aluminum-Ion Battery.

Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs) are considered a strong candidate for the new generation of energy storage devices. The lack of suitable cathode materials has been a bottleneck factor hindering the future development of AAIBs. In this work, we design and construct a highly effective cathode with dual morphologies.

Oxygen Vacancies Boosted Proton Intercalation Kinetics for Aqueous Aluminum-Manganese Batteries.

Aluminum-ion batteries have garnered an extensive amount of attention due to their superior electrochemical performance, low cost, and high safety. To address the limitation of battery performance, exploring new cathode materials and understanding the reaction mechanism for these batteries are of great significance. Among numerous candidates, multiple structures and valence states make manganese-based oxides the best choice for aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs).

Period Estimation of Spread Spectrum Codes Based on ResNet.

In order to more effectively monitor and interfere with enemy signals, it is particularly important to accurately and efficiently identify the intercepted signals and estimate their parameters in the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment. Therefore, in non-cooperative situations, it is of great practical significance to study how to accurately detect direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals in real time and estimate their parameters. The traditional time-delay correlation algorithm encounters the challenges such as peak energy leakage and false peak interference.

DSSS Signal Detection Based on CNN.

With the wide application of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals, the comprehensive performance of DSSS communication systems has been continuously improved, making the electronic reconnaissance link in communication countermeasures more difficult. Electronic reconnaissance technology, as the fundamental means of modern electronic warfare, mainly includes signal detection, recognition, and parameter estimation. At present, research on DSSS detection algorithms is mostly based on the correlation characteristics of DSSS signals, and autocorrelation algorithm is the most mature and widely used method in practical engineering.

Enhanced anti-microbial activity and osseointegration of Ta/Cu co-implanted polyetheretherketone.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely applied for orthopedic and oral implants due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and radiolucency. However, its bioinert and the lack of anti-microbial activity limit its application. We modified the PEEK surface with Ta/Cu co-implantation using plasma immersion ion-implantation technology.

A 5' tRNA-Ala-derived small RNA regulates anti-fungal defense in plants.

Apart from their primordial role in protein synthesis, tRNAs can be cleaved to produce tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). The biological functions of tsRNAs in plants remain largely unknown. In this study, we developed RtcB ligation-based small RNA (sRNA) sequencing, a method that captures and distinguishes between 3'-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate (cP)/phosphate (P)-terminated sRNAs and 3'-OH-terminated sRNAs, and profiled 5' tsRNAs and 5' tRNA halves in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A calmodulin-binding transcription factor links calcium signaling to antiviral RNAi defense in plants.

RNA interference (RNAi) is an across-kingdom gene regulatory and defense mechanism. However, little is known about how organisms sense initial cues to mobilize RNAi. Here, we show that wounding to Nicotiana benthamiana cells during virus intrusion activates RNAi-related gene expression through calcium signaling.

Peroxidase- and UV-triggered oxidase mimetic activities of the UiO-66-NH/chitosan composite membrane for antibacterial properties.

In this study, UiO-66-NH metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles with peroxidase and oxidase mimetic activities were incorporated into a chitosan (CS) matrix by a simple and environmentally friendly method. The UiO-66-NH/CS composite membrane possesses the peroxidase mimicking activity in the presence of traces of HO, thus resulting in good antibacterial properties. Intriguingly, 30 min of UV pre-irradiation of the UiO-66-NH/CS composite membrane, in the absence of HO, still leads to a good antibacterial activity.

Thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal resistance in the heterostructure of silicon/amorphous silicon dioxide: the strain and temperature effect.

This article reports the thermal conduction properties of Si/a-SiO heterostructure with two different interfaces: weak and strong coupling strength through molecular dynamics simulation. The size and temperature dependencies on the interfacial thermal resistance of the weak coupling interface are larger than those of the strong coupling interface. The thermal conduction in Si/a-SiO shows strong anisotropy.

Effects of strain on thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide thin films using test method based on 3-ω technique and uniaxial strain setup.

We propose a test method to study the effects of strain on the thermal conductivity of thin films. First, a strain setup was designed to apply stress to a thin film, and a test system was built to measure its thermal conductivity by combining the strain setup with the 3-ω method. The strain setup can apply stress to the specimen by adjusting load weights, while the strain of a thin film was obtained by measuring the applied stress with a force sensor.

Study on the osteogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells and the long-term antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the surface of silver-rich TiN/Ag modified titanium alloy.

The main causes of failure of orthopedic implants are infection and poor bone ingrowth. Surface modification of the implants to allow for long-term antibacterial and osteogenic functions is an effective solution to prevent failure of the implants. We developed silver-rich TiN/Ag nano-multilayers on the surface of titanium alloy with different doses of Ag .

Well-water-dispersed N-trimethyl chitosan/FeO hybrid nanoparticles as peroxidase mimetics for quick and effective elimination of bacteria.

FeO nanoparticles, used as peroxidase mimetics, exhibit splendid future in the biomedical field. However, the functionalization on FeO nanoparticles always goes with the loss of superparamagnetism and decrease in peroxidase-activity. Here, we synthesized green polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized magnetic/N-trimethyl chitosan (CS) hybrid nanoparticles (FeO@PAA/TMC/PEG NPs) with improved water dispersibility, superparamagnetism, high saturation magnetization and well peroxidase-like activity.

A potentiometric SO gas sensor based on the LiPO-LiSiO solid electrolyte thin film.

A potentiometric sulfur dioxide (SO) gas sensor based on the LiPO-LiSiO solid electrolyte thin film was developed. The sensor was based on a galvanic cell O, SO, Au, LiSO-VO|LiPO-LiSiO|Au, SO, O. The LiPO-LiSiO thin film was deposited on the AlO substrate by RF magnetron sputtering, and the Au patterns were fabricated as the electrodes.

Study on the and Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Novel TiN/Ag Multilayers Immobilized onto Biomedical Titanium.

To determine the short- and long-term antibacterial properties of a novel biomedical titanium alloy to ensure excellent biocompatibility of the TiN/Ag multilayers loaded with different doses of Ag. First, nanosized TiN/Ag multilayers were accumulated onto titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) substrates via multi-arc ion plating. Then, the multilayers were implanted with different doses of silver ions (1×10 ions/cm², 1×10 ions/cm², 5×10 ions/cm², and 5×10 ions/cm²).

Chloroplast-to-Nucleus Signaling Regulates MicroRNA Biogenesis in Arabidopsis.

As integral regulators in plant development and stress response, microRNAs (miRNAs) themselves need to be tightly regulated. Here, we show that tocopherols (vitamin E), lipid-soluble antioxidants synthesized from tyrosine in chloroplasts, positively regulate the biogenesis of miRNAs. Tocopherols are required for the accumulation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP), a retrograde inhibitor of the nuclear exoribonucleases (XRN), which may protect primary miRNAs from being degraded and promote mature miRNA production.

Global identification of Arabidopsis lncRNAs reveals the regulation of MAF4 by a natural antisense RNA.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and plant development. Here, we identified 6,510 lncRNAs in Arabidopsis under normal or stress conditions. We found that the expression of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) that are transcribed in the opposite direction of protein-coding genes often positively correlates with and is required for the expression of their cognate sense genes.

Enhanced cell growth on 3D graphene scaffolds implanted with nitrogen ions.

One of the key challenges in engineering tissues for cell-based therapies is developing biocompatible scaffold materials to direct cell behavior. In this paper, the cytocompatibilities of a flexible three-dimensional graphene scaffold (3D-G) and the same scaffold implanted with nitrogen ions (N/3D-G) are compared using an in vitro assay based on 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. The N/3D-G samples were prepared from low-temperature hydrothermally synthesized flexible 3D-G by ion implantation and were found to display improved adhesion and proliferation of rat osteoblast and mouse fibroblast cells.

Shape-Control of Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly Graphene by Hydrothermal Reaction Time and Its Biological Application.

In this paper, three-dimensional self-assembly graphene (3D-G) was prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method, and 3D-G was designed as a suitable biological scaffold for cell growth and adhesion. The shape of 3D-G was tuned by adjusting the hydrothermal reaction time (6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h). Then the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were used to characterize the microstructure and component of 3D-G, which showed that the length, diameter, pore size and defects of 3D-G were all decreased as the reaction-time increased.

Ag implantation induces mechanical properties, cell adhesion and antibacterial effects of TiN/Ag multilayers in vitro.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of Ag implantation dose on the structure, hardness, adhesion strength, friction resistance, cell adhesion and antibacterial effects of TiN/Ag multilayers.

Methods: Nanoscale TiN/Ag multilayers were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using multiarc ion plating. The multilayers were then implanted by Ag ions.

N implantation induce cytocompatibility of shape-controlled three-dimensional self-assembly graphene.

Aim: The aim of the present research was to synthesize N implanted 3D self-assembly graphene (N/3D-SGHs) to overcome the weaknesses of graphene (small sizes and poor hydrophilicity) in tissue engineering scaffolds.

Materials & Methods: N/3D-SGHs was achieved by ion implantation on one-step hydrothermal synthesized 3D self-assembly graphene (3D-SGHs), and N/3D-SGHs with different doses of nitrogen ions (1 × 10 ions/cm, 1 × 10 ions/cm and 1 × 10 ions/cm), which adjusted by nitrogen ion beam intensity.

Results: N/3D-SGHs, as scaffolds, provide stereo space and hydrophilic groups for mouse-fibroblast cells (L929) growth and proliferation.

Enhancement of interaction of L-929 cells with functionalized graphene via COOH ion implantation vs. chemical method.

Low hydrophilicity of graphene is one of the major obstacles for biomaterials application. To create some hydrophilic groups on graphene is addressed this issue. Herein, COOH ion implantation modified graphene (COOH/graphene) and COOH functionalized graphene were designed by physical ion implantation and chemical methods, respectively.

Influence of Content of Al2O3 on Structure and Properties of Nanocomposite Nb-B-Al-O films.

Nb-B-Al-O nanocomposite films with different power of Al2O3 were successfully deposited on the Si substrate via multi-target magnetron co-sputtering method. The influences of Al2O3's content on structure and properties of obtained nanocomposite films through controlling Al2O3's power were investigated. Increasing the power of Al2O3 can influence the bombarding energy and cause the momentum transfer of NbB2.