Water-Vapor-Triggered Dual-Mode Optical Responses in Rare-Earth-Doped Hollow Nanospheres.

Multimode responsive optical materials are garnering ever-increasing attention due to their diverse applications. This work showcases a film assembled with rare-earth-doped CaF hollow nanospheres that exhibit water-vapor-triggered dual-mode optical responses. Upon exposure to flowing water vapor, the film rapidly (less than 1.

Local Drug Delivery Techniques for Triggering Immunogenic Cell Death.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a dying state of the cells, encompasses the changes in the conformations of cell surface and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, which could initiate an adaptive immune response by stimulating the dendritic cells to present antigens to T cells. Advancements in biomaterials, nanomedicine, and micro- and nano-technologies have facilitated the development of effective ICD inducers, but the potential toxicity of these vesicles encountered in drug delivery via intravenous administration hampers their further application. As alternatives, the local drug delivery systems have gained emerging attention due to their ability to prolong the retention of high payloads at the lesions, sequester drugs from harsh environments, overcome biological barriers to exert optimal efficacy, and minimize potential side effects to guarantee bio-safety.

Adoptive T therapy with metabolic intervention via perforated microneedles ameliorates psoriasis syndrome.

Regulatory T (T) cells underlie multiple autoimmune disorders and potentialize an anti-inflammation treatment with adoptive cell therapy. However, systemic delivery of cellular therapeutics often lacks tissue targeting and accumulation for localized autoimmune diseases. Besides, the instability and plasticity of T cells also induce phenotype transition and functional loss, impeding clinical translation.

Inhibition of Tumor Metastasis by Liquid-Nitrogen-Shocked Tumor Cells with Oncolytic Viruses Infection.

Despite the superior tumor lytic efficacy of oncolytic viruses (OVs), their systemic delivery still faces the challenges of limited circulating periods, poor tumor tropism, and spontaneous antiviral immune responses. Herein, a virus-concealed tumor-targeting strategy enabling OVs' delivery toward lung metastasis via systemic administration is described. The OVs can actively infect, be internalized, and cloak into tumor cells.

A novel strategy for designing the magic shotguns for distantly related target pairs.

Due to its promising capacity in improving drug efficacy, polypharmacology has emerged to be a new theme in the drug discovery of complex disease. In the process of novel multi-target drugs (MTDs) discovery, in silico strategies come to be quite essential for the advantage of high throughput and low cost. However, current researchers mostly aim at typical closely related target pairs.

Cell delivery devices for cancer immunotherapy.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) that leverages allogeneic or autologous immune cells holds vast promise in targeted cancer therapy. Despite the tremendous success of ACT in treating hematopoietic malignancies, its efficacy is limited in eradicating solid tumors via intravenous infusion of immune cells. With the extending technology of cancer immunotherapy, novel delivery strategies have been explored to improve the therapeutic potency of adoptively transferred cells for solid tumor treatment by innovating the administration route, maintaining the cell viability, and normalizing the tumor microenvironment.

Leveraging biomaterials for enhancing T cell immunotherapy.

The dynamic roles of T cells in the immune system to recognize and destroy the infected or mutated cells render T cell therapy a prospective treatment for a variety of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejection. However, the clinical applications of T cell therapy remain unsatisfactory due to the tedious manufacturing process, off-target cytotoxicity, poor cell persistence, and associated adverse effects. To this end, various biomaterials have been introduced to enhance T cell therapy by facilitating proliferation, enhancing local enrichment, prolonging retention, and alleviating side effects.

Effects of Divalent Cations and Disulfide Bond Reducing Agents on Specific Binding of Growth Hormone to Liver Membrane Receptors from Snakehead Fish (Ophiocephalus argus, Cantor).

Divalent cations, Ca(2 ), Mg(2 ) and Mn(2 ) enhance the binding of bream growth hormone (brGH) to snakehead fish liver membrane, and their optimum concentration was found to be 8 12 mmol/L, at which Ca(2 ), Mg(2 ) and Mn(2 ) could increase, respectively, the specific binding to 230%, 180%, and 200%, compared with the binding in the absence of ions. The Eadie-Scatchard plot was used for the dynamic analysis of the Ca(2 ) binding site. A low affinity Ca(2 ) binding site was found in the GH-receptor complex with K(m)=0.