Antidoping attitudes among elite athletes: a cross sectional study in biathlon using a suitably developed questionnaire.

Background: The attitude of athletes towards antidoping interventions was surveyed among biathletes by a properly developed questionnaire.

Methods: Topics and items were identified by a multidisciplinary team. A demographics and an awareness sections exploring respondents' characteristics and knowledge of the antidoping rules were added.

Planning the International Competition Schedules for the Health of Elite Athletes: A 21-Year Retrospective Study Evaluating the Effectiveness and Economic Impact in an Olympic Sport.

Background: The increased number of trips and competitions scheduled in the international agonistic calendars meets commercial demands while acting as a source of stress for the athletes. A model, developed in biathlons to monitor the so-called competition load, revealed an upward trend over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a 21-year period, the effects of the International Biathlon Union's rescheduling of the competitive calendars to control the competition load, as well as its stability over time and the economic impact of this intervention.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome in older men and women: the dose responses to Exercise Training (DR's EXTRA) study.

Objective: We studied the association of maximum oxygen uptake (Vo(2max)) with the development and resolution of metabolic syndrome (MetS) for 2 years in older individuals.

Research Design And Methods: Subjects were a population sample of 1,226 men and women aged 57-78 years. We assessed Vo(2max) directly by respiratory gas analysis during maximum exercise testing and used dichotomous and continuous variables for MetS.

Cardiorespiratory fitness as a feature of metabolic syndrome in older men and women: the Dose-Responses to Exercise Training study (DR's EXTRA).

Objective: We studied the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic syndrome in older men and women, because such data are limited in representative population samples.

Research Design And Methods: We studied a population sample of 671 men and 676 women aged 57-79 years at baseline of a randomized controlled intervention study. We assessed maximal oxygen uptake (Vo(2max)) by respiratory gas analysis during a maximal bicycle exercise test.