Effectiveness of movement control exercise on patients with non-specific low back pain and movement control impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients with low back pain (LBP) and movement control impairment (MVCI) show altered spinal movement patterns. Treatment that aims to change movement behaviour could benefit these patients.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of movement control exercise (MVCE) in terms of clinically relevant measures (disability and pain) on patients with NSLBP.

Lumbar tactile acuity is near identical between sides in healthy pain-free participants.

A growing body of literature suggests that alterations in brain structure and function are a feature of chronic back pain. Tactile acuity is considered a clinical signature of primary somatosensory representation and offers a simple measure of cortical reorganisation. Clinical interpretation of test scores from an individual patient is hampered by variance in published normative values and less than ideal inter-rater reliability.