Hydronephrosis Predicts Successful Catheter Removal after Painful Urinary Retention - Preliminary Results of a Prospective Single Center Study.

Introduction: The study aims to identify candidates who can be managed conservatively after the first episode of spontaneous painful acute urinary retention (AUR).

Methods: A total of 20 patients with primary spontaneous painful AUR were prospectively included in the study. Twenty-four hours after AUR, the catheter was removed.

Low prevalence of HPV detection and genotyping in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer using single-step PCR followed by reverse line blot.

Purpose: To clarify the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, HPV-DNA was scrutinized in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bladder cancer tissue using single-step PCR (HPV L1) for HPV detection, followed by reverse line blot (RLB) for genotyping.

Methods: A total of 186 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder due to primary, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer from 2006 to 2009 were reviewed. A positive control group of 22 cervical tissues with cervical carcinoma was included.

De novo renal cell carcinoma in a kidney allograft with focus on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

The development of de novo renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a transplanted kidney is a rare condition. Currently, this is the second case report of a 41-year-old man in whom carcinoma of a renal allograft was detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). An abdominal CT scan was not conclusive enough to differentiate between septal enhancement of a cyst and a low vascularized tumor.

Organ preservation technique without ischemia in patients with testicular tumor.

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of organ-sparing surgery (OSS) without ischemia in patients with testicular tumor.

Methods: From January 2003 to October 2010, marker-negative clinical stage I testicular tumors ≤ 30 mm and marker-positive tumors in case of a tumor in a singular testis were managed by an organ-sparing approach. After localization of the tumor by ultrasound and accurate staging, OSS was performed without ischemia.

The need for repeated urological evaluation in low-risk patients with microscopic hematuria after negative diagnostic work-up.

Aim: To evaluate the role of repeated urological evaluation after negative initial diagnostic work-up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in low-risk patients.

Patients And Methods: Criteria for patient inclusion were a complete negative initial diagnostic assessment including ultrasound (US), cystoscopy, upper urinary tract (UUT) imaging using intravenous urography (IVU) or multiphasic computed tomography (CT), absence of risk factors and a follow-up period of at least three years. Based on our institutional practice, urinalysis was repeated yearly; cystoscopy with US was repeated three years after initial work-up.

Organ-sparing surgery is the treatment of choice in benign testicular tumors.

Purpose: Ablation of the testis has been the reference standard for malignant and benign testicular tumors in the past. Nowadays, an organ-sparing surgery (OSS) can be attempted in special cases. Removal of a testis for a benign lesion should be avoided.

Unrecognized paraganglioma of the urinary bladder as a cause for basilar-type migraine.

Extra-adrenal paraganglioma with isolated localization in the urinary bladder is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. Although the typical symptoms like headache, nausea, weight loss, flushing, heart palpitation or paroxysmal hypertension during micturition are well established, we present an unusual case of bladder paraganglioma, 'misdiagnosed' with basilar-type migraine due to headache for the past 8 years. As urologists linked the presence of a tumor (by CT) and symptoms connected with micturition, no cystoscopy and no transurethral resection of the bladder was performed prior to detailed diagnostic workup.

Novel RHD alleles with weak hemagglutination and genetic Exon 9 diversity: weak D Types 45.1, 75, and 76.

Background: Molecular variant RHD allele analysis is best complemented by detailed characterization of the associated D phenotype.

Study Design And Methods: Variant D types were characterized using molecular typing, RHD sequencing, extended serologic D antigen investigations, and flow cytometric D antigen quantification.

Results: We discovered three novel weak D types termed weak D Types 45.

Orthotopic bladder replacement in women: focus on functional results of a retrospective, single-centre study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the functional and oncological outcomes of orthotopic neobladders in women with urothelial cancer.

Material And Methods: From 1993 to 2007, 61 women underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder using the hemi-Kock pouch or Skinner T pouch. Sixteen of them were excluded owing to a lack of available follow-up data.

Two cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy for low-volume stage II seminoma: results of a retrospective, single-center case series.

Background: To report on the oncological outcome and toxicity of patients treated with 2 cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy for low-volume metastatic stage II seminoma.

Methods: We retrospectively identified a case series of 15 patients with seminoma stage IIA (26.7%) and IIB (73.

Influence of achieved paternity on quality of life in testicular cancer survivors.

Objective: To investigate the influence of achieved/non-achieved paternity on quality of life (QoL) in testicular cancer (TC) survivors.

Patients And Methods: We invited TC survivors treated at our department between 1989 and 2006 to complete a QoL assessment, including the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0©)/+ TC26, and follow-up questions.

Postchemotherapy laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for low-volume, stage II, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: first 100 patients.

Background: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is indicated after chemotherapy in case of radiologic incomplete remission or teratomatous elements in orchiectomy specimens. Open RPLND is associated with considerable morbidity, but technical difficulty of postchemotherapy laparoscopic RPLND (L-RPLND) can be significant; therefore, literature concerning pc L-RPLND is sparse.

Objective: To evaluate feasibility and long-term oncologic outcome of postchemotherapy L-RPLND for clinical stage II disease at a single institution.

Cross-cultural development of an EORTC questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in patients with testicular cancer: the EORTC QLQ-TC26.

Objective: Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer in young men, and its incidence is increasing. The low mortality rate makes quality of life (QOL) an important issue in this patient group. This study aimed to develop a supplementary module of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire to assess TC-specific aspects of QOL.

In young adults with a low body mass index ultrasonography is sufficient as a diagnostic tool for ureteric stones.

Objective: • To identify additional factors that might improve the diagnosis of ureteric stones using ultrasonography (US) as the primary diagnostic method.

Patients And Methods: • We performed a retrospective study of 228 patients who underwent rigid ureterorenoscopy (URS) for obstructive ureteric stones. • Patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and stone location and size were recorded.

Increased incidence of Leydig cell tumours of the testis in the era of improved imaging techniques.

Objective: To report an observed high frequency of Leydig cell tumours (LCTs) diagnosed at our centre.

Patients And Methods: Charts of all patients who underwent surgery for a testicular tumour between 1999 and 2008 at our department were searched and data from patients with LCT were collected. Before surgery all patients underwent ultrasound and complete staging.

Retrospective multicentre study of carboplatin monotherapy for clinical stage I seminoma.

Objective: • To evaluate, in a retrospective multicentre study, the long-term oncological efficacy and morbidity of using carboplatin as an alternative treatment for patients with clinical stage I seminoma.

Patients And Methods: • Patients with clinical stage I seminoma treated with two cycles of adjuvant single-agent carboplatin (400 mg/m² body surface) from February 1990 until September 2008 were retrospectively identified. • A database was created (including information on patient characteristics, initial tumour staging, tumour marker levels, follow-up, oncological outcome, treatment side effects and long-term side effects), descriptive analyses were performed and the data were compared with those available in the literature.

The anti-interleukin-6 antibody siltuximab down-regulates genes implicated in tumorigenesis in prostate cancer patients from a phase I study.

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with prostate cancer morbidity. In several experimental models, IL-6 has been reported to have anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects. Siltuximab (CNTO 328) is a monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibody which has been successfully applied in several models representing prostate cancer.

Long target droplet polymerase chain reaction with a microfluidic device for high-throughput detection of pathogenic bacteria at clinical sensitivity.

In this article we present a long target droplet polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microsystem for the amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. It is used for detecting Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens at high-throughput and is optimised for downstream species identification. The miniaturised device consists of three heating plates for denaturation, annealing and extension arranged to form a triangular prism.

Endoscopic application of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer in the treatment of vesico-ureteric reflux after renal transplantation.

Objective: • To evaluate the success of endoscopic dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (DHAC) application in the treatment of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) into the transplanted graft after renal transplantation.

Patients And Methods: • Between January 2008 and April 2009, 19 patients with recurrent UTIs presented VUR proven by voiding cystourethrography. • To correct VUR of the transplanted ureter, DHAC was injected endoscopically using hydrodistention technique.

Routine scrotal ultrasonography during the follow-up of patients with testicular cancer leads to earlier detection of asynchronous tumours and a high rate of organ preservation.

Objective: To compare outcomes of patients with asynchronous tumours detected before and after the introduction of scrotal ultrasonography (SUS) during routine follow-up examinations.

Patients And Methods: Since January 2001 SUS was also used during the follow-up of patients with testicular cancer. A series of 16 consecutive patients with asynchronous bilateral testicular tumours diagnosed while still complying with routine follow up investigations were identified and divided into two groups; group A was diagnosed by palpation only, before 2001, and group B was diagnosed after 2000.

Metastasizing renal cell carcinoma developing in a congenital ectopic and dysplastic kidney.

Unlabelled: We present the first case of a metastasizing renal cell carcinoma arising within a partially regressed multicystic dysplastic and ectopic left kidney in a 34-year-old patient. Despite nephrectomy and adjuvant immunotherapy, the patient died 4 months after diagnosis. Even though a recent systematic review found no evidence to support any of the different modalities for following up children with MCKD by ultrasound (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine,

Level Of Evidence: 3a), our case supports the contrary and we emphasize that an annual control could be an important diagnostic choice (

Level Of Evidence: 4).

Interleukin-6 stimulation of growth of prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo through activation of the androgen receptor.

It is hypothesized that ligand-independent activation of the androgen receptor is one of the mechanisms implicated in tumour progression. However, supportive evidence is limited to the effect of HER-2/neu that stimulates prostate cancer progression through activation of the androgen receptor. In the present study, we have asked whether the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is known to stimulate androgen receptor activity and expression of its downstream target genes, may also induce growth of androgen-sensitive cells.

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: surgical technique and clinical outcomes at 1 year.

Objective: To report our surgical technique of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) for renal tumours of <7 cm and present their clinical outcomes, as minimally invasive PN is an increasingly viable option for small renal tumours.

Patients And Methods: From July 2005 to December 2006, 20 consecutive patients (mean age 58.2 years, sd 7.