Publications by authors named "Hanne Gottrup"
Article Synopsis
- A nationwide study in Denmark from 2010 to 2020 analyzed the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and poststroke dementia (PSD) among stroke patients, focusing on income, education, and employment.
- The study included 98,489 patients and found that those with low SES had significantly higher rates of PSD, with low income linked to a 1.24 times increase, low education to a 1.11 times increase, and unemployment to a 1.57 times increase in dementia rates.
- Disparities were more pronounced in certain groups, notably women, immigrants, and patients younger than 70, indicating that socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in long-term stroke outcomes beyond typical risk factors.
Introduction: Microglial responses are an integral part of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and are associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Aβ and microglial responses on global cognitive impairment.
Methods: In this longitudinal study, 28 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 11 healthy controls underwent C-PK11195 and C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging scans, and global cognitive ratings at baseline and 2-year follow-up.
Introduction: The a-Synuclein Origin and Connectome (SOC) model of Lewy body diseases postulates that a-syuclein will be asymmetrically distributed in some patients with Lewy body diseases, potentially leading to asymmetric neuronal dysfunction and symptoms.
Methods: We included two patient groups: 19 non-demented Parkinson's disease (nPD) patients with [F]FDG PET and motor symptoms assessed by UPDRS-III, and 65 Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients with [F]FDG PET and dopamine radioisotope imaging. Asymmetry indices were calculated for [F]FDG PET by including the cortex for each hemisphere, for dopamine radioisotope imaging by including the putamen and caudate separately, and for motor symptoms by using the difference between right-left UPDRS-III score.
Background: Patients with young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) face long diagnostic delays. Prescription medication use may provide insights into early signs and symptoms, which may help facilitate timely diagnosis.
Methods: In a register-based nested case-control study, we examined medication use for everyone diagnosed with YOAD in a Danish memory clinic during 2016-2020 compared to cognitively healthy controls.
Introduction: Early symptoms in young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) may be misinterpreted, causing delayed diagnosis. This population-based study aimed to map morbidity prior to YOAD diagnosis.
Methods: In a register-based incidence density matched nested case-control study, we examined hospital-diagnosed morbidity for people diagnosed with YOAD in Danish memory clinics during 2016-2020 compared to controls in a 10-year period.
Dementia with Lewy bodies is characterized by a high burden of autonomic dysfunction and Lewy pathology in peripheral organs and components of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic terminals may be quantified with 18F-fluoroetoxybenzovesamicol, a PET tracer that binds to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic presynaptic terminals. Parasympathetic imaging may be useful for diagnostics, improving our understanding of autonomic dysfunction and for clarifying the spatiotemporal relationship of neuronal degeneration in prodromal disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) in blood may be used to derive biomarkers for the effects of exercise in Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, we studied changes in neuroprotective proteins proBDNF, BDNF, and humanin in plasma NDEVs from patients with mild to moderate AD participating in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of exercise ADEX.
Methods: proBDNF, BDNF, and humanin were quantified in NDEVs immunocaptured from the plasma of 95 ADEX participants, randomized into exercise and control groups, and collected at baseline and 16 weeks.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the impact of placebo analgesia (pain relief) and nocebo hyperalgesia (pain increase) in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is not well understood.
- Twenty-one AD patients and 26 healthy participants were exposed to thermal pain under different conditions involving lidocaine and capsaicin, with verbal suggestions to influence pain perception.
- Results showed that healthy participants experienced placebo effects, while AD patients did not show significant placebo or nocebo effects, suggesting that AD might limit these phenomena, which is important for clinical trial design and treatment approaches.
Introduction: Dementia after stroke is common and is a great concern for patients and their caregivers. The objective was to investigate if intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was associated with lower risk of dementia after stroke.
Patients And Methods: When IVT was introduced in Denmark, not all eligible patients were treated due to restricted access.
Cholinergic changes play a fundamental role in the natural history of dementia with Lewy bodies and Lewy body disease in general. Despite important achievements in the field of cholinergic research, significant challenges remain. We conducted a study with four main objectives: (i) to examine the integrity of cholinergic terminals in newly diagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies; (ii) to disentangle the cholinergic contribution to dementia by comparing cholinergic changes in Lewy body patients with and without dementia; (iii) to investigate the in vivo relationship between cholinergic terminal loss and atrophy of cholinergic cell clusters in the basal forebrain at different stages of Lewy body disease; and (iv) to test whether any asymmetrical degeneration in cholinergic terminals would correlate with motor dysfunction and hypometabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The α-syn Origin site and Connectome model (SOC) proposes that α-synucleinopathies can be divided into two categories: the asymmetrical brain-first, and more symmetrical body-first Lewy body disease. We have hypothesized that most patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) belong to the body-first subtype, whereas patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) more often belong to the brain-first subtype.
Objective: To compare asymmetry of striatal dopaminergic dysfunction in DLB and PD patients using [18F]-FE-PE2I positron emission tomography (PET).
Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and increasing evidence suggests that cerebral microvascular dysfunction plays a vital role in the disease progression. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the two-year changes of the cerebral microvascular blood flow in 11 mild cognitively impaired (MCI) patients with prodromal AD compared to 12 MCI patients without evidence of AD and 10 cognitively intact age-matched controls. The pAD-MCI patients displayed widespread deterioration in microvascular cerebral perfusion associated with capillary dysfunction.
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- Patients with Lewy body diseases show varying levels of brain metabolism reduction, which may be linked to synaptic degeneration, though the exact reasons for this decline remain unclear.
- The study aimed to explore if local synaptic loss in the cortex correlates with decreased brain metabolism by using PET scans to measure both glucose metabolism and synaptic density.
- Results indicated that while both synaptic density and glucose consumption were reduced in patients, the reduction in glucose uptake was greater than the decline in synaptic density, suggesting other factors contribute to hypometabolism in Lewy body disorders.
Introduction: Aerobic exercise has been shown to modify Alzheimer pathology in animal models, and in patients with multiple sclerosis to reduce neurofilament light (NfL), a biomarker of neurodegeneration.
Objective: To investigate whether a 16-week aerobic exercise program was able to reduce serum NfL in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the multi-center Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health, and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise (ADEX) study.
Introduction: [F]fluoroetoxybenzovesamicol ([F]FEOBV) is a positron emission topography (PET) tracer for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a protein located predominantly in synaptic vesicles in cholinergic nerve terminals. We aimed to use [F]FEOBV PET to study the cholinergic topography of the healthy human brain.
Materials And Methods: [F]FEOBV PET brain data volumes of healthy elderly humans were normalized to standard space and intensity-normalized to the white matter.
Article Synopsis
- Cerebral perfusion changes are increasingly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), with issues in brain microvascular circulation leading to local oxygen shortages.
- The study involved 19 individuals with mild cognitive impairment and high amyloid-β load, finding that these patients exhibited lower microvascular blood flow and more variability in blood transit times compared to those without AD signs and healthy controls.
- A strong correlation was found between high amyloid-β levels and reduced blood flow in specific brain areas, suggesting a harmful cycle where increased amyloid-β and poor blood circulation might worsen each other in the early stages of AD.
Background: Analysis of beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated-tau 181 (p-tau) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often performed as a part of the diagnostic work-up in case of suspected Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Unfortunately, studies on optimal CSF biomarker cut-offs in a real-world clinical setting are scarce.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the biomarker levels of 264 consecutive patients referred to our dementia clinic.
Background And Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the psychometric properties of the Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition (BASIC) case-finding instrument in clinical settings focusing on (i) test-retest reliability, (ii) the discriminative validity of BASIC and its components for identification of Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia and non-AD dementia, and (iii) the association of expert clinical rating of cognitive status with BASIC performance.
Methods: The test-retest reliability analysis was based on a sample of general practice patients (n = 59) retested with a mean interval of 19 days. Discriminative validity analyses and analysis of the association of cognitive status with BASIC performance were based on data from the primary validation study of BASIC in memory clinics.
Facial expression is a key aspect in observational scales developed to improve pain assessment in individuals with cognitive impairments. Although these scales are used internationally in individuals with different types of cognitive impairments, it is not known whether observing facial expressions of pain might differ between regions or between different types of cognitive impairments. In a pilot study, facial responses to standardized experimental pressure pain were assessed among individuals with different types of cognitive impairments (dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, and intellectual disability) from different countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Spain) and were analyzed using facial descriptors from the PAIC scale (Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Non-specific treatment effects, such as expectations, contribute to the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments across diseases. However, the contribution of expectancy, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often develop dementia, but the underlying substrate is incompletely understood. Generalized synaptic degeneration may contribute to dysfunction and cognitive decline in Lewy body dementias, but in vivo evidence is lacking.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the density of synapses in non-demented PD (nPD) subjects (N = 21), patients with PD-dementia or Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (N = 13), and age-matched healthy controls (N = 15).
Background: Several factors may play a role in the ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different aspects of physical performance and cognitive functions on ADL in patients suffering from mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
Methods: We conducted secondary analyses on cross-sectional baseline data from the randomized controlled multicentre study "Preserving quality of life, physical health and functional ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The effect of physical exercise" (ADEX).
Article Synopsis
- Lifestyle factors like poor cholesterol levels and insulin resistance can increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), making exercise an important non-drug approach for improving health.
- A study examined the effects of a 16-week exercise program on lipid profiles and glucose levels in 172 AD patients, comparing an exercise group to a control group.
- Results showed that those in the high-exercise subgroup experienced a significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels, suggesting that physical activity can positively impact cholesterol profiles in AD patients.