Burden and Excess Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Using KDIGO Classification: A National Cohort Study.

Objective: The widely adopted Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification system has been underused in assessing the burden and risk of adverse outcomes in type 1 diabetes. This observational study aimed to clarify how each KDIGO category correlates with adverse outcomes in this patient group.

Research Design And Methods: In a cohort of 40,199 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, we aimed to investigate the 1) prevalence of different KDIGO categories at baseline; 2) incidence of adverse kidney and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, including mortality, within each category; and 3) association of baseline category with excess risk of five outcomes: a 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), kidney failure, major adverse kidney/CV events, and all-cause mortality.

Body weight variability as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.

Aim: Intraindividual body weight variability (BWV), that is, the degree of weight fluctuations over time, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in multiple settings. The impact of BWV on cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear, despite the issues relative to weight management in individuals with this condition.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, we identified individuals with T1D and without CVD at baseline with at least three measurements of body weight taken over three consecutive years.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation to acutely reduce emotional vulnerability and improve emotional regulation in borderline personality disorder (tVNS-BPD): study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is considered a disorder of emotion regulation resulting from the expression of a biologically determined emotional vulnerability (that is, heightened sensitivity to emotion, increased emotional intensity/reactivity, and a slow return to emotional baseline) combined with exposure to invalidating environments. Vagal tone has been associated with activity in cortical regions involved in emotion regulation and a lower resting state of vagal tone has been observed in BPD patients relative to healthy controls. Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown to reduce temper outbursts in adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome, to enhance recognition of emotions in healthy students, and to improve depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Usability Comparison Among Healthy Participants of an Anthropomorphic Digital Human and a Text-Based Chatbot as a Responder to Questions on Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The use of chatbots in mental health support has increased exponentially in recent years, with studies showing that they may be effective in treating mental health problems. More recently, the use of visual avatars called digital humans has been introduced. Digital humans have the capability to use facial expressions as another dimension in human-computer interactions.

Risk Factors for and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Swedish Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Register-Based Study.

Objective: To investigate to what extent having control of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors is associated with the risk of incident PAD in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 148,096 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Swedish National Diabetes Register between 2005 and 2009 were included and matched with 320,066 control subjects on the basis of age, sex, and county. A few control subjects who developed type 2 diabetes after recruitment, during wash-in (<0.

Traffic noise in the bedroom in association with markers of obesity: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis of the respiratory health in Northern Europe cohort.

Background: Previous research suggests an association between road traffic noise and obesity, but current evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association between nocturnal noise exposure and markers of obesity and to assess whether sleep disturbance might be a mediator in this association.

Methods: We applied data from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) cohort.

Birch pollen, air pollution and their interactive effects on airway symptoms and peak expiratory flow in allergic asthma during pollen season - a panel study in Northern and Southern Sweden.

Background: Evidence of the role of interactions between air pollution and pollen exposure in subjects with allergic asthma is limited and need further exploration to promote adequate preventive measures. The objective of this study was to assess effects of exposure to ambient air pollution and birch pollen on exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in subjects with asthma and allergy to birch.

Methods: Thirty-seven subjects from two Swedish cities (Gothenburg and Umeå) with large variation in exposure to both birch-pollen and air pollutants, participated in the study.

Medication use in populations exposed to the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption: an interrupted time series analysis.

Objectives: To assess the trends in medication use indicative of physical and psychological morbidity following the 2010 volcanic eruption in Eyjafjallajökull immediately after and during a 3-year period following the eruption.

Design: Population-based register study.

Setting: Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland, 2007-2013.

Using Distributed Lag Non-Linear Models to Estimate Exposure Lag-Response Associations between Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease.

Long-term air pollution exposure increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the temporal relationships between exposure and health outcomes. This study aims to estimate the exposure-lag response between air pollution exposure and risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke incidence by applying distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs). Annual mean concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.

Changes in Psychiatric Inpatient Service Utilization During the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused societal restrictions and public fear which may have impacted the pattern of seeking psychiatric care. There has generally been a decrease in the numbers seeking acute psychiatric care. It is important to investigate which groups seeking psychiatric treatment have decreased in number.

Incident cardiovascular disease and long-term exposure to source-specific air pollutants in a Swedish cohort.

Background: Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but its role in the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) and the role of different pollution sources in cardiovascular disease remain uncertain.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort in 1991-1996 with information on lifestyle and clinical indicators of cardiovascular disease. The cohort participants were followed through registers until 2016.

Personal exposure levels to O, NO and PM and the association to ambient levels in two Swedish cities.

Exposure to air pollution is of great concern for public health although studies on the associations between exposure estimates and personal exposure are limited and somewhat inconsistent. The aim of this study was to quantify the associations between personal nitrogen oxides (NO), ozone (O) and particulate matter (PM) exposure levels and ambient levels, and the impact of climate and time spent outdoors in two cities in Sweden. Subjects (n = 65) from two Swedish cities participated in the study.

Air pollution and increased number of psychiatric emergency room visits: A case-crossover study for identifying susceptible groups.

Background: Ambient particulate matter is a leading risk factor for disease globally. Particulate matter 10 (PM) and particulate matter 2.5 (PM) are derived from different sources, including operating motor vehicles as well as from industrial activities.

Prevalence of Nelson's syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy in patients with cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) still plays an important role in the management of Cushing's disease (CD). Nelson's syndrome (NS) is a severe complication of BA, but conflicting data on its prevalence and predicting factors have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NS, and identify factors associated with its development.

Increased respiratory morbidity associated with exposure to a mature volcanic plume from a large Icelandic fissure eruption.

The 2014-15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO) to sulphate PM (SO) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO/SO ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not.

Severe volcanic SO exposure and respiratory morbidity in the Icelandic population - a register study.

Background: The Holuhraun volcanic eruption September 2014 to February 2015 emitted large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO). The aim of this study was to determine the association between volcanic SO gases on general population respiratory health some 250 km from the eruption site, in the Icelandic capital area.

Methods: Respiratory health outcomes were: asthma medication dispensing (AMD) from the Icelandic Medicines Register, medical doctor consultations in primary care (PCMD) and hospital emergency department visits (HED) in Reykjavík (population: 215000) for respiratory disease from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014.

Exposure to traffic-related particle matter and effects on lung function and potential interactions in a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study in west Sweden.

Objectives: To investigate the long-term effects of source-specific particle matter (PM) on lung function, effects of Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes GSTP1 and GSTT1 gene variants and effect modification by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype.

Design: Cohort study with address-based annual PM exposure assigned from annual estimates of size (PM, PM and PM) and source-specific (traffic, industry, marine traffic and wood burning) dispersion modelling.

Setting: Gothenburg, Sweden.

Problematic Alcohol and Drug Use Is Associated with Low Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness.

Background: Personality traits, such as self-directedness (SD) and cooperativeness (CO), may be indicative of problematic alcohol and/or drug use.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the association of substance use with SD and CO in a large cohort of adolescents.

Method: A total of 6,917 individuals (58% women) at the age of 18 who had filled in the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT), and the SD and CO scales from the Temperament and Character -Inventory, as part of the Child and Adolescent Twin study in Sweden were included in the analyses.

Respiratory health among professionals exposed to extreme SO2 levels from a volcanic eruption.

Objective The Holuhraun eruption of fall and winter 2014-15 produced large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO ). The aim of this study was to determine if exposure to extreme SO levels affected the health of individuals working at the eruption site. Methods During January‒March 2015, earth scientists, technicians, and law enforcement personnel who were about to work at the eruption site were invited to a respiratory health examination.

Ambient Temperature and Associations with Daily Visits to a Psychiatric Emergency Unit in Sweden.

High or low ambient temperatures pose a risk factor for the worsening or onset of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ambient temperature and psychiatric emergency visits in an urban region in a temperate climate. The daily number of visits to a psychiatric emergency room (PEVs) at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden and the daily mean temperature were extracted for the study period 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2017.

Sickness Absence Recommendation Among Outpatients With ADHD and Comorbidity: A Latent Class Analysis.

Determine sickness absence recommendation (SAR) prevalence for treatment-seeking patients with ADHD depending on comorbidity. Population-based patient chart review of ADHD outpatients aged 19 to 29 years. The outcome, SAR, included both available financial benefit forms; activity compensation and sickness benefit.

Exhaled Particles After a Standardized Breathing Maneuver.

Background: Particles in exhaled air (PEx) provide samples of respiratory tract lining fluid from small airways and offer a new opportunity to monitor pathological changes. The exhaled particles are produced by reopening of closed small airways and contain surfactant. The amount of PEx varies by orders of magnitude among subjects.