PP2A licenses the FANCD2/FANCI complex for chromosome loading.

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway removes interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) between the Watson-Crick strands of the DNA double helix in humans. Central to the pathway is the FANCD2/FANCI complex, which must be loaded onto chromosomes. Here, we report the identification of a PP2A phosphatase complex, which specifically dephosphorylates an inhibitory cluster in FANCD2, thereby licensing its loading in response to DNA damage.

Association of macular outward scleral height with axial length, macular choroidal thickness and morphologic characteristics of the optic disc in Chinese adults.

Purpose: To identify the relationship of macular outward scleral height (MOSH) with axial length (AL), macular choroidal thickness (ChT), peripapillary atrophy (PPA), and optic disc tilt in Chinese adults.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1088 right eyes of 1088 participants were enrolled and assigned into high myopia (HM) and non-HM groups. MOSH was measured in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior directions using swept-source optical coherence tomography images.

Phosphorylation by ATR triggers FANCD2 chromatin loading and activates the Fanconi anemia pathway.

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in humans. Activation of the pathway relies on loading of the FANCD2/FANCI complex onto chromosomes, where it is fully activated by subsequent monoubiquitination. However, the mechanism for loading the complex onto chromosomes remains unclear.

Potential Choroidal Mechanisms Underlying Atropine's Antimyopic and Rebound Effects: A Mediation Analysis in a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To investigate whether choroidal vascularity participates in high-dose atropine's antimyopia and rebound mechanisms.

Methods: A mediation analysis was embedded within a randomized controlled trial. In total, 207 myopic children were assigned randomly to group A/B.

Efficacy and Safety of Consecutive Use of 1% and 0.01% Atropine for Myopia Control in Chinese Children: The Atropine for Children and Adolescent Myopia Progression Study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of consecutive use of 1% and 0.01% atropine compared with 0.01% atropine alone over 1 year.

[Effects and pathophysiological significance of intestinal flora on the enteric neuro-endocrine-immune system].

Interactions among the nervous, the endocrine and the immune systems enable the gut to respond to the dietary products, pathogens and microbiota, which maintains the homeostasis of the body. However, dysbiosis may induce or aggravate the gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-GI diseases through changing the activities of enteric nervous system (ENS), enteroendocrine cells and enteric immune cells. Here we review recent advances in the understandings on how intestinal flora may impact the enteric neuro-endocrine-immune system in the gut, thereby contributing to the regulation of pathophysiological processes.

Identification of an essential regulator controlling the production of raw-starch-digesting glucoamylase in .

Background: Raw-starch-digesting glucoamylases (RSDGs) from filamentous fungi have great commercial values in starch processing; however, the regulatory mechanisms associated with their production in filamentous fungi remain unknown. HP7-1 isolated by our laboratory secretes RSDG with suitable properties but at low production levels. Here, we screened and identified novel regulators of RSDG gene expression in .

The underlying pathway involved in inter-subspecific hybrid male sterility in rice.

f5 locus in rice (Oryza sativa L.) confers significant effects on hybrid male sterility and segregation distortion. BCF plants with f5-i/i, f5-j/j and f5-i/j genotypes were used to dissect the underlying pathway of f5-caused hybrid male sterility via comparative transcriptome analysis.