Relationship between socio-demographic and behaviour variables, and body mass index in a population with high-normal blood pressure: Hypertension Prevention Trial.

The relationship between socio-demographic and behaviour variables and body mass index (BMI: weight/height2) adjusted for age were studied in a population with high-normal blood pressure who participated in the Hypertension Prevention Trial. The BMI of the participants ranged from 19.1 to 35.

Safety and characteristics of exercise testing early after acute myocardial infarction.

Five hundred and seventy physicians, researchers and clinicians (42% response) responded to a mailed questionnaire about the safety and nature of exercise testing conducted less than or equal to 4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Of 570 institutions, 193 reported that they routinely performed testing early after AMI and data were provided on 151,949 tests. A majority (111 or 58%) used a low-level testing protocol, 50 (26%) used symptom-limited testing and 32 (16%) used both types.

Biological properties of ER 42859, a novel erythromycin derivative.

The antimicrobial activity of a new semi-synthetic oral erythromycin derivative, ER 42859, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in comparison with erythromycin, spiramycin, josamycin, oleandomycin and the newer semi-synthetic derivatives flurithromycin, roxithromycin and A-56268. MIC values of ER 42859 were superior to those of roxithromycin, oleandomycin, josamycin and spiramycin but generally 2-fold poorer than those of erythromycin. The activity equalled that of erythromycin against Haemophilus influenzae and was superior to that of roxithromycin and A-56268 against this organism.

In vitro evaluation of various quinolone antibacterial agents against veterinary mycoplasmas and porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens.

The in vitro activities of 12 quinolones and four antibiotics were determined against 15 veterinary mycoplasmal species and four species of bacteria commonly involved in respiratory infections in pigs. The newer quinolones were markedly more active in vitro against a wide range of mycoplasmas than nalidixic acid and the earlier quinolones. Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone with a geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 16 strains of 0.

Analysis issues in school-based health promotion studies.

In school-based research, usually the nature of the intervention or other practical factors indicate that assignment of treatment be done by school or classroom rather than by individual student. In this situation, randomization of schools (or classrooms) and analysis by school means (or classroom means) provide a firm statistical basis for internal validity of the study. When the number of schools available is small, this approach is not practicable, and therefore the investigator must be both more creative in developing solutions and more cautious in interpreting the results.

Antimycoplasmal activities of the pseudomonic acids and structure-activity relationships of monic acid A derivatives.

The antimycoplasmal activities of the pseudomonic acids isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIB 10586 are reported. Structure-activity relationships of a variety of ester, amide and thiol ester derivatives of the nucleus, monic acid A, are described. Enhanced antimycoplasmal activity is reported for a number of monic acid A esters and the most potent derivative, m-nitrobenzyl monate A, is a 100-fold more active against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae than pseudomonic acid A.

Cyclic seasonal variation in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Placebo Group.

Seasonal plasma lipid and lipoprotein cycles were studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35-59 year-old men followed for 7 years as the placebo group of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT). Separate periodic time series were calculated for each study participant; mean parameter estimates were obtained by vector algebra. Highly significant (p less than 0.

Seasonal cholesterol cycles: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group.

Seasonal variation of plasma cholesterol levels was studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35- to 59-year-old male participants in the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group. Each man's serial cholesterol data, obtained at bimonthly intervals for 2.0 to 6.

Production of mycoplasma-specific antisera in rabbits immunologically tolerized at birth to mycoplasma medium constituents.

Neonatal rabbits were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) within 12 h of birth followed by similar injections every day for 10 consecutive days and then every second day for a further 8 weeks, with mycoplasma broth medium (tolerogen), to induce immune tolerance.

Analysis of community-based cardiovascular disease prevention studies--evaluation issues in the North Karelia Project and the Minnesota Heart Health Program.

Karelia project of the Minnesota Heart Health Program. International Journal of Epidemiology 1986, 15: 176-182. Community-based cardiovascular disease control studies represent an effort to change cardiovascular disease rates in entire communities.

Community-wide prevention strategies: evaluation design of the Minnesota Heart Health Program.

The Minnesota Heart Health Program (MHHP) is a community-based research and demonstration program designed to accelerate population-wide changes in coronary risk factors and disease. MHHP is on-going in three pairs of communities in Minnesota, North and South Dakota. To strengthen inference of program effects, its basic design involves elements of control, repetition, sensitive trend measurements and evaluation of the effects of program components.

Population strategies to enhance physical activity: the Minnesota Heart Health Program.

A population-wide, community-based program in cardiovascular disease prevention, the Minnesota Heart Health Program (MHHP), has been designed to promote more frequent and vigorous physical activity in North American communities, along with improved eating and smoking patterns. The physical activity component of this broad-based education strategy is based on the facilitation which physical activity provides to lowering of other risk characteristics for heart disease and its enhancement of other healthy behaviors and on the potential for prevention of elevated risk in the first place. The rationale for a population strategy to complement medical approaches to prevention is that exercise patterns are largely socially learned and culturally determined.

Longitudinal versus cross-sectional vital capacity changes and affecting factors.

Forced vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume at 0.75 s (FEV) were measured in 592 Cretan island men aged 25 to 74 in 1960, 1965, and 1970. Vital capacity and FEV were directly correlated with height, but percentage changes were unrelated to height.

The Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Program Family Study. III. Transformations and covariate adjustments of lipid and lipoprotein levels.

Several methods of transformation and covariate adjustment have been applied to the Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Program Family Study data to facilitate analysis of lipid levels of examinees of different sex and age groups. After several exploratory analyses, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were logarithmically transformed, and triglycerides were transformed by the power -0.25.

Coronary heart disease mortality trends in Minnesota, 1960-80: the Minnesota Heart Survey.

Age-adjusted mortality rates and trends from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Minnesota for the years 1960 to 1980 differed among eight health service areas. Regression of ten socioeconomic and demographic factors and intensive care and coronary care unit beds on area CHD mortality levels and slopes revealed a significant positive association only for levels of welfare income-maintenance assistance with CHD mortality levels; there were no associations with trends. Further studies are needed to explain variation within states of CHD mortality rate levels and trends.

Reproducible pneumonia in gnotobiotic piglets induced with broth cultures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the effect of animal passage on virulence.

The virulence of a laboratory adapted culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain NB12 was determined in three- to five-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. Intranasal inoculation or exposure to an aerosol of the culture caused low incidences of pneumonia in the piglets. Passage of M hyopneumoniae strain NB12 in gnotobiotic piglets resulted in a rapid increase in virulence.

Cardiovascular mortality trends in Minnesota, 1960-1978. The Minnesota Heart Survey.

Age-adjusted mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) and other causes were examined in Minnesota for the years 1960-1978. Regions differed in CHD mortality levels and time trends. The greatest decline in CHD mortality occurred in the Twin Cities.

Reliability of sampling during long-term ECG recordings in the detection of ventricular ectopy and abnormal ST segment depression.

Two ambulatory ECG recording-analysis methods were each compared in 10 subjects with a careful hand counted analysis of 16 continuously recorded hr and examined for total VEB count, complex VEB and ST-depression. The sampling method made a 28-sec tape recording every 15 min and was visually coded. The other method (conventional Holter) continuously recorded ECG data and used a dedicated computer with technician editing.

The hypolipidemic effect of locust bean gum food products in familial hypercholesterolemic adults and children.

Seventeen adults and 11 children, a group of 18 familial hypercholesterolemic (FHC) and 10 normal subjects, were fed products with and without locust bean gum (LBG) (8 to 30 g/day) to assess the hypolipidemic effect of LBG. Identical food products with and without LBG were consumed by two groups (A and B) of arbitrarily assigned patients using a cross-over design. Plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured at 2-wk intervals and compared to control feeding periods.

Variability in individual serum cholesterol response to change in diet.

Few systematic data are available on the range of individual blood lipid responsiveness to specific diet changes. Multiple, carefully standardized total serum cholesterol (TC) measurements were made in 58 men under a variety of controlled dietary conditions. Responsiveness was defined for each individual as the change in mean TC per unit change in Diet Score based on the Keys-Minnesota equation.

Tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin effects on experimental piglet pneumonia induced with pneumonic pig lung homogenate containing mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses.

The effects of tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin were examined in pneumonias induced experimentally in neonatal piglets with a homogenate of pneumonic pig lung, obtained from pigs with naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. The homogenate contained mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M suipneumoniae) and M hyorhinis, and certain bacteria and viruses. The experimental pneumonias generally resembled mycoplasmal pneumonia histologically but were complicated by aspiration pneumonia in some animals.

Comparison of self-reported and measured height and weight.

Screening data from the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program in Minneapolis, MN, 1973-1974, provided an opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of self-report of height and weight. It was found that both were reported, on the average, with small but systematic errors. Large errors were found in certain population subgroups.

Distortion in self-reported height and weight data.

The validity of self-reported height and weight data was examined in a large population of adult men and women. On the average, women reported weights lower than actual, with the amount of discrepancy increasing as weight increased. At low weights, men on the average reported weighing more than their actual weights while at higher weights they reported weighing less.

Effects of thiazide diuretics on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in mildly hypertensive patients: a double-blind controlled trial.

A blood lipid-lipoprotein elevating effect of the diuretics hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone in mildly hypertensive men has been established by a cross-over, randomized controlled trial, confirming previous clinical observations. Compared to baseline, plasma total cholesterol increased 6% and 8% and triglycerides 17% and 15% under treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone, respectively. A cholesterol-lowering diet largely prevents this increase.

The Minneapolis childrn's blood pressure study. Part 2: multiple determinants of children's blood pressure.

Among 9977 public school children aged 6 to 9 years screened in late winter and spring of 1978 in Minnesota, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic fourth phase blood pressure (DBP4) were found to be unrelated to age when height and body mass index (kg/m2) were taken into account. Weight was the best single measure of body size for predicing blood pressure. Black and white children had small and inconsistent, although statistically significant, differences in blood pressure after adjusting for other variables.