Publications by authors named "Hannah Ziobrowski"
Objectives: We investigated whether empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were differentially associated with risk of hypertension in young adulthood, and whether these associations differed by sex.
Methods: Data came from 11,404 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the US established in 1996. We used a childhood obesity phenotype variable that was previously empirically derived using latent class analysis.
Background: The minority of people with an eating disorder receive treatment. Little is known about predictors of receiving treatment.
Methods: Using data from the Growing Up Today Study we identified correlates of receiving treatment for an eating disorder among the 1237 U.
Objectives: We investigated whether empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were differentially associated with risk of hypertension in young adulthood, and whether these associations differed by sex.
Methods: Data came from 11,404 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the US established in 1996. We used a childhood obesity phenotype variable that was previously empirically derived using latent class analysis.
Article Synopsis
- Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder but is often underused in emergency departments (EDs), prompting a study to assess how an initiative affects emergency physician knowledge and confidence.
- A survey conducted before and after the quality improvement (QI) initiative showed that physician confidence and knowledge about buprenorphine significantly increased, and more physicians began prescribing it post-initiative.
- Despite the increase in prescribing and confidence, attitudes and self-efficacy remained unchanged, with increased confidence linked to greater likelihood of prescribing buprenorphine.
Background: Only a limited number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond to a first course of antidepressant medication (ADM). We investigated the feasibility of creating a baseline model to determine which of these would be among patients beginning ADM treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
Methods: A 2018-2020 national sample of = 660 VHA patients receiving ADM treatment for MDD completed an extensive baseline self-report assessment near the beginning of treatment and a 3-month self-report follow-up assessment.
Background: Although research shows that more depressed patients respond to combined antidepressants (ADM) and psychotherapy than either alone, many patients do not respond even to combined treatment. A reliable prediction model for this could help treatment decision-making. We attempted to create such a model using machine learning methods among patients in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Child abuse, especially when occurring during childhood and adolescence, is linked to a higher risk of obesity in young adulthood, with notable differences between genders.
- The study analyzed data from over 7,000 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, identifying various abuse patterns and their impact on BMI as participants transitioned into adulthood.
- Results showed that women with multiple abuse types faced a significantly higher obesity risk compared to those with minimal or no abuse, while men showed weaker associations, with only specific types of abuse impacting their obesity risk.
Article Synopsis
- Claims of significant increases in anxiety and depression during the early COVID-19 pandemic were based on online surveys with questionable response rates.
- This study utilized the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to assess anxiety and depression trends among U.S. adults from March to December 2020, comparing it to data from 2017 to 2019.
- The survey included over 1.4 million respondents, showing a slight increase in the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article Synopsis
- Patient-reported helpfulness of treatment is a key measure of quality in patient-centered mental health care, focusing on experiences with various common disorders.
- A study of over 10,000 respondents from 30 global surveys found that while only 26.1% found the first treatment helpful, the likelihood of finding helpful treatment increased significantly with each additional professional seen.
- Despite higher treatment-seeking behavior in high-income countries, the perceived helpfulness of treatments was similar across both high-income and low- to middle-income countries, highlighting the need to encourage persistence in seeking help for mental health issues.
Article Synopsis
- The authors analyze various surveys and data to compare mental disorder rates before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
- They found that the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety and depression increased by 30% to 50% during the pandemic, which is much lower than earlier exaggerated estimates of up to 800%.
- Despite some fluctuations in prevalence throughout the pandemic, the overall relative prevalence of mental health issues did not change significantly over time.
Background: Fewer than half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond to psychotherapy. Pre-emptively informing patients of their likelihood of responding could be useful as part of a patient-centered treatment decision-support plan.
Methods: This prospective observational study examined a national sample of 807 patients beginning psychotherapy for MDD at the Veterans Health Administration.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzes how past experiences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive episodes (MDE) can predict emotional reactions after a motor vehicle collision (MVC).
- Data was collected from 1,306 patients in U.S. emergency departments, measuring their psychological states before and after the trauma.
- Results showed that those with previous PTSD or MDE had significantly higher chances (2.6 to 7.4 times) of experiencing ongoing psychological issues three months later, suggesting that early assessments could improve targeted interventions for these patients.
Study Objective: Emergency department (ED)-based naloxone distribution and peer-based behavioral counseling have been shown to be feasible, but little is known about utilization maintenance over time and clinician, patient, and visit level factors influencing implementation.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of an ED overdose prevention program providing take-home naloxone, behavioral counseling, and treatment linkage for patients treated for an opioid overdose at two Rhode Island EDs from 2017 to 2020: one tertiary referral center and a community hospital. Utilizing a Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, we evaluated program reach, adoption, implementation modifiers, and maintenance using logistic and Poisson regression.
Early life stress (ELS) may become embedded into an individual's stress physiology, changing their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis in an enduring, trait-like fashion. Cortisol is often utilized to investigate HPA-axis function. However, for "trait" cortisol to be a useful construct, it needs to be internally consistent within measurement occasions and show temporal stability of this reliability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Physician responsiveness to patient preferences for depression treatment may improve treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.
Objective: To examine associations of patient treatment preferences with types of depression treatment received and treatment adherence among Veterans initiating depression treatment.
Design: Patient self-report surveys at treatment initiation linked to medical records.
Importance: A substantial proportion of the 40 million people in the US who present to emergency departments (EDs) each year after traumatic events develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive episode (MDE). Accurately identifying patients at high risk in the ED would facilitate the targeting of preventive interventions.
Objectives: To develop and validate a prediction tool based on ED reports after a motor vehicle collision to predict PTSD or MDE 3 months later.
Background: Emergency department (ED) visits for opioid-related overdoses continue to rise across the United States, particularly among Black, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaskan Native communities. A minority of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) engages in formal addiction treatment and there are racial disparities in treatment access. ED visits for opioid overdose are crucial opportunities to link individuals with OUD to harm reduction and treatment services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Treatment guidelines for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are based on a relatively small number of randomized controlled trials and do not consider patient-centered perceptions of treatment helpfulness. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of patient-reported treatment helpfulness for DSM-5 GAD and its two main treatment pathways: encounter-level treatment helpfulness and persistence in help-seeking after prior unhelpful treatment.
Methods: Data came from community epidemiologic surveys in 23 countries in the WHO World Mental Health surveys.
Background: Child maltreatment may be an important risk factor for eating disorder (ED) behaviors. However, most previous research has been limited to clinical, female, and cross-sectional samples, and has not adequately accounted for complex abuse patterns.
Objective: To determine whether women and men with distinct patterns of child and adolescent maltreatment have higher risks of developing ED behaviors in young adulthood than individuals with a low probability of maltreatment.
Purpose: Male weight concerns tend to focus on shape and muscularity as opposed to a desire for thinness and remain underdetected by conventional eating disorder assessments. We aimed to describe the longitudinal course of weight concerns and disordered eating behaviors among males across adolescence and young adulthood.
Methods: We used prospective assessments of 4,489 U S.
Background: Psychiatric comorbidities may complicate depression treatment by being associated with increased role impairments. However, depression symptom severity might account for these associations. Understanding the independent associations of depression severity and comorbidity with impairments could help in treatment planning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) supports the nation's largest primary care-mental health integration (PC-MHI) collaborative care model to increase treatment of mild to moderate common mental disorders in primary care (PC) and refer more severe-complex cases to specialty mental health (SMH) settings. It is unclear how this treatment assignment works in practice.
Methods: Patients (n = 2610) who sought incident episode VHA treatment for depression completed a baseline self-report questionnaire about depression severity-complexity.
Evidence consistently indicates associations between eating disorders (EDs) and childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, but the relationship between EDs and abuse occurring later in development has largely been unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine associations between past-year abuse and ED symptoms among college students. Participants represented 12 U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To examine patterns and predictors of perceived treatment helpfulness for mania/hypomania and associated depression in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.
Methods: Face-to-face interviews with community samples across 15 countries found n = 2,178 who received lifetime mania/hypomania treatment and n = 624 with lifetime mania/hypomania who received lifetime major depression treatment. These respondents were asked whether treatment was ever helpful and, if so, the number of professionals seen before receiving helpful treatment.