Field-scale monitoring of nitrate leaching in agriculture: assessment of three methods.

Deterioration of groundwater quality due to nitrate loss from intensive agricultural systems can only be mitigated if methods for in-situ monitoring of nitrate leaching under active farmers' fields are available. In this study, three methods were used in parallel to evaluate their spatial and temporal differences, namely ion-exchange resin-based Self-Integrating Accumulators (SIA), soil coring for extraction of mineral N (Nmin) from 0 to 90 cm in Mid-October (pre-winter) and Mid-February (post-winter), and Suction Cups (SCs) complemented by a HYDRUS 1D model. The monitoring, conducted from 2017 to 2020 in the Gäu Valley in the Swiss Central Plateau, covered four agricultural fields.

Impact of physiological pacing on functional mitral regurgitation in systolic dysfunction: Initial echocardiographic remodeling findings after His bundle pacing.

Background: Although His bundle pacing (HBP) has been shown to improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), its impact on mitral regurgitation (MR) remains uncertain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate change in functional MR after HBP in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction.

Methods: Paired echocardiograms were retrospectively assessed in patients with reduced LVEF (<50%) undergoing HBP for pacing or resynchronization.

Physiological optimization of robotic endoscopic epicardial CRT-D implantation using multielectrode electroanatomic mapping.

Multielectrode epicardial mapping during robotic implantation of cardiac resynchronization-defibrillator system. Robotically assisted endoscopic implantation of cardiac implantable devices is well documented to be both feasible and safe, and this technique provides particular benefit in patients with limited vascular access. In a patient meeting Class I indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator and inaccessible vascular access, we describe in this case an optimization strategy for intraoperative left ventricular lead placement utilizing robotic epicardial electroanatomic mapping as well as the feasibility of implanting a totally epicardial biventricular cardioverter-defibrillator system.

Treatment of Knee Meniscus Pathology: Rehabilitation, Surgery, and Orthobiologics.

The meniscal tear treatment paradigm traditionally begins with conservative measures such as physical therapy and referral for operative management for persistent or mechanical symptoms. As a result, the partial meniscectomy is performed more than any other orthopedic procedure in the United States. This treatment paradigm has shifted because recent literature has supported the attempt to preserve or repair the meniscus whenever possible given its importance for the structural integrity of the knee joint and the risk of early osteoarthritis associated after meniscus excision.