A developmental biliary lineage program cooperates with Wnt activation to promote cell proliferation in hepatoblastoma.

Cancers evolve not only through the acquisition and clonal transmission of somatic mutations but also by epigenetic mechanisms that modify cell phenotype. Here, we use histology-guided and spatial transcriptomics to characterize hepatoblastoma, a childhood liver cancer that exhibits significant histologic and proliferative heterogeneity despite clonal activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Highly proliferative regions with embryonal histology show high expression of Wnt target genes, the embryonic biliary transcription factor SOX4, and striking focal expression of the growth factor FGF19.

Immunotherapy-induced coeliac disease in curative lung cancer.

The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of metastatic lung cancer and it has recently been established as the standard of care in the radical treatment of lung cancer. However, immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) frequently occur in patients treated with immunotherapy, and rare IrAEs continue to be identified. We report a case of immunotherapy-induced coeliac disease due to adjuvant durvalumab post-chemoradiotherapy in a patient receiving curative treatment for lung cancer.

Development of a core drug list towards improving prescribing education and reducing errors in the UK.

Aim: To develop a core list of 100 commonly prescribed drugs to support prescribing education.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of prescribing data from primary care in England (2006 and 2008) and from two London Teaching Hospitals (2007 and 2009) was performed. A survey of prescribing by foundation year 1 (FY1) doctors in 39 NHS Trusts across London was carried out.