Non-invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring and Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Children With Shock in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: The assessment of fluid responsiveness is important in the management of shock but conventional methods of assessing fluid responsiveness are often inaccurate. Our study aims to evaluate changes in objective hemodynamic parameters as measured using electrical cardiometry (ICON monitor) following the fluid bolus in children presenting with shock and to evaluate whether any specific hemodynamic parameter can best predict fluid responsiveness among children with shock.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in children presenting with shock to our emergency department between June 2020 and March 2021.

Can pediatric sleep questions be incorporated into a risk model to predict respiratory complications following adenotonsillectomy?

Background: Adenotonsillectomy, one of the most frequent surgical procedures in children, is usually performed for sleep-disordered breathing, a disease spectrum from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea. Children undergoing an adenotonsillectomy may be at risk for perioperative respiratory complications, necessitating intervention or escalation of care. However, there is no effective preoperative screening or risk-stratification model for perioperative respiratory complications that incorporates not only clinical history and physical examination but also sleep question responses for children as there is for adults.

Frequency of serious bacterial infections in young infants with and without viral respiratory infections.

Background: The goal of our investigation was to describe the incidence of serious bacterial infection (SBI, defined as bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI), or meningitis) in young infants with and without documented viral pathogens.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study (1/2016-12/2017) in 3 emergency departments (EDs). Previously healthy 0-60-day-old infants were included if at least respiratory viral testing and a blood culture was obtained.

Utility of Computed Tomography Overreading and Abdominal Ultrasound in Children With Suspected Appendicitis and Nondiagnostic Computed Tomography at Community Hospitals.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the ability of overreading of computed tomography (CT) and right lower quadrant ultrasound (RLQ US) to diagnose appendicitis for children with suspected appendicitis with equivocal CTs at community hospitals.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all children transferred to a children's hospital from community emergency departments with suspected appendicitis over 2 years for whom both CT and RLQ US were performed.

Results: One hundred eighty-four children were included with a median age of 10.

Defining pediatric community-acquired acute kidney injury: an observational study.

Background: Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with long-term morbidity and mortality; however, outcomes improve when AKI is detected earlier. Current definitions of AKI use baseline creatinine; community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) is difficult to define and detect in the pediatric emergency department (ED) when no baseline creatinine is available. Our objective was to compare age- and gender-based creatinine norms to the traditional baseline (lowest creatinine in previous 3 months) to diagnose CA-AKI.

Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid and Some of Its Components Potentiate Fibrocyte Differentiation.

Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) often results in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. In many other fibrosing diseases, monocytes enter the fibrotic lesion and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes. We find that peritoneal tissue from short-term PD patients contains few fibrocytes, while fibrocytes are readily observed in the peritoneal membrane of long-term PD patients.