Visual attention and recall of flavored cigarillo package elements among young adults: A randomized control trial.

Introduction: Flavoring in cigarillos contributes to greater product initiation and abuse liability particularly among young adults. Few studies have examined how packaging elements, including flavor, may draw visual attention from potential consumers as well as impact product recall. This study aimed to test the difference in visual attention to flavor names and other packaging elements on cigarillo products as well as recall of these packaging elements.

'Safer, Not Safe': Service Users' Experiences of Psychological Safety in Inpatient Mental Health Wards in the United Kingdom.

Research on patient safety in mental health settings is limited compared to physical healthcare settings. Recent qualitative studies have highlighted that patient safety is more than just physical safety but includes psychological safety. Traditionally, psychological safety has been defined as the belief that it is safe to take interpersonal risks, such as speaking up, without a fear of negative consequences.

Outcomes from a national screening program for Ukrainian refugees at risk of drug resistant tuberculosis in Wales.

High rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ukraine suggest screening is necessary to mitigate public health hazards for host populations. A pathway was implemented in Wales and data prospectively collected Between 8 April and 21 December 2022. Of 5425 Ukrainian arrivals, notifications were received by TB teams on 2395 (44%) of whom 1955 (82%) were screened.

Association of farm-related factors with characteristics profiles of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- / plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms.

Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, is of major concern for animal and human health. In this study, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) / plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamase -producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms were characterised and associations of these isolate characteristics with farm-related factors were investigated across different types of livestock. A total of 469 isolates originating from 150 farms (34 broiler farms, 38 fattening pig farms, 43 dairy cattle farms, 35 beef cattle farms) was included in the analyses.

Circulation of clonal populations of fluoroquinolone-resistant CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli ST410 in humans and animals in Germany.

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli encoding CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are isolated in increasing numbers from humans, companion animals and livestock, raising concern regarding the exchange and spread of isolates in these populations. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli isolates recently sampled from humans, companion animals, livestock and farm environments was performed.

[Estimation of the transfer of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli to humans in Germany].

In 2011 EFSA has evaluated the risk for the consumer caused by ESBL-/AmpC-producing bacteria in food of animal origin and in livestock animals. Human-to-human transfer in hospitals.and in the community was considered as the most relevant route of transmission for ESBL-producing E.

[On the occurence of extended-spectrum- and AmpC-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in livestock: results of selected European studies].

Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-encoded cephamycinase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia (E.) coli in livestock farms have recently been matter of growing scientific and public concern. This article summarises selected European studies which focus on the prevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of such resistant E.

Subgrouping of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from animal and human sources: an approach to quantify the distribution of ESBL types between different reservoirs.

Escherichia (E.) coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are an increasing problem for public health. The success of ESBLs may be due to spread of ESBL-producing bacterial clones, transfer of ESBL gene-carrying plasmids or exchange of ESBL encoding genes on mobile elements.

The Schistosoma mansoni hepatic egg granuloma provides a favorable microenvironment for sustained growth of Leishmania donovani.

Parasitic co-infections are prevalent in many parts of the world. However, relatively little is known about how an underlying infection may impact on the host's ability to control a newly acquired parasite, especially if both infect the same organ. We have studied this using an experimental co-infection model in C57BL/6 mice involving Schistosoma mansoni and Leishmania donovani, two important human pathogens affecting the liver.