The study examines how to best measure the general factor of psychopathology using various statistical models on data from youth ratings in 24 societies.
Four models were tested: principal axis, hierarchical factor, bifactor, and a simple Total Problem score, analyzing data from over 25,000 youth ages 11-18.
Findings show that all models yielded similar results, suggesting that the simplest approach (the Total Problem score) is recommended for evaluating youth psychopathology in both clinical and research settings.