Adult penicillin allergy programmes in Australian hospitals: a practical guide from the National Antibiotic Allergy Network.

Penicillin allergy is a significant burden on patient, prescribing and hospital outcomes. There has been increasing interest in the incorporation of penicillin allergy testing (i.e.

Exploring the Health-Related Quality of Life and the Lived Experience of Adolescents Following Invasive Meningococcal Disease.

Background: Data on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) survivors, particularly among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), are limited. This study aimed to investigate the in-depth experiences and impacts of IMD on AYAs.

Methods: Participants were recruited from two Australian states, Victoria and South Australia.

Emergency department discharge practices for children with acute wheeze and asthma: a survey of discharge practice and review of safety netting instructions in the UK and Ireland.

Objective: Recovery from acute wheeze and asthma attacks should be supported with safety netting, including treatment advice. We evaluated emergency department (ED) discharge practices for acute childhood wheeze/asthma attacks to describe variation in safety netting and recovery bronchodilator dosing.

Design: Two-phase study between June 2020 and September 2021, comprising (1) Departmental discharge practice survey, and (2) Analysis of written discharge instructions for caregivers.

Preleukemic single-cell landscapes reveal mutation-specific mechanisms and gene programs predictive of AML patient outcomes.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloid neoplasms develop through acquisition of somatic mutations that confer mutation-specific fitness advantages to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. However, our understanding of mutational effects remains limited to the resolution attainable within immunophenotypically and clinically accessible bulk cell populations. To decipher heterogeneous cellular fitness to preleukemic mutational perturbations, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of eight different mouse models with driver mutations of myeloid malignancies, generating 269,048 single-cell profiles.

The effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation delivered with and without high-frequency modulation on spinal and corticospinal excitability.

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) has been shown to improve motor recovery in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Some groups deliver TSCS modulated with a kHz-frequency (TSCS-kHz); the intensity used for TSCS-kHz is usually set based on the motor threshold for TSCS, even though TSCS-kHz threshold is considerably higher than TSCS. As a result, TSCS-kHz interventions tend to be delivered at low intensities with respect to the motor threshold (~40%).

Yolk sac cell atlas reveals multiorgan functions during human early development.

The extraembryonic yolk sac (YS) ensures delivery of nutritional support and oxygen to the developing embryo but remains ill-defined in humans. We therefore assembled a comprehensive multiomic reference of the human YS from 3 to 8 postconception weeks by integrating single-cell protein and gene expression data. Beyond its recognized role as a site of hematopoiesis, we highlight roles in metabolism, coagulation, vascular development, and hematopoietic regulation.

Microscopic appearances of commonly implanted food particles.

Background: Pathologists come across various structures in the microscopic sections that are unrelated to the tissues. Artifacts can occur in the tissue from the time the area is prepared for biopsy, during fixation, grossing, processing, sectioning and staining of the specimen. Food substances may get entrapped into the oral tissues and can lead to misdiagnosis.

Pleiotropic fitness effects of the lncRNA Uhg4 in Drosophila melanogaster.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNAs that are critical for gene regulation, DNA repair, and splicing, and have been implicated in development, stress response, and cancer. However, the functions of many lncRNAs remain unknown. In Drosophila melanogaster, U snoRNA host gene 4 (Uhg4) encodes an antisense long noncoding RNA that is host to seven small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs).

Failing to attend versus failing to stop: Single-trial decomposition of action-stopping in the stop signal task.

The capacity to stop impending or ongoing actions contributes to executive control over behavior. Action-stopping, however, is difficult to directly quantify. It is therefore assayed via computational modeling of behavior in the stop signal task to estimate the latency of stopping (stop signal reaction time, SSRT) and, more recently, the reliability of stopping in terms of the distribution of SSRTs (standard deviation, SD-SSRT) and the frequency with which one outright fails to react to a stop signal (trigger failures, TF).

Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Breath.

A comprehensive analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the exhaled breath sample is termed as breathomics. Breath samples are a complex mixture composed of a multitude of VOCs and other molecules. The analysis of total VOCs in exhaled breath provides a promising tool for the diagnosis of many diseases because it enables the observation of biochemical processes in the body in a non-invasive way.

Endothelial-specific Gata3 expression is required for hematopoietic stem cell generation.

To generate sufficient numbers of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro, a detailed understanding of how this process takes place in vivo is essential. The endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), which culminates in the production of the first HSCs, is a highly complex process during which key regulators are switched on and off at precise moments, and that is embedded into a myriad of microenvironmental signals from surrounding cells and tissues. We have previously demonstrated an HSC-supportive function for GATA3 within the sympathetic nervous system and the sub-aortic mesenchyme, but show here that it also plays a cell-intrinsic role during the EHT.

Workplace violence among dental surgeons - A survey.

Background: Workplace violence is a multi-causal, multifaceted, public health, legal and social problem faced by all occupations worldwide. Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of workplace violence against doctors. Even though the government has attempted to address these problems in India, doctors are still experiencing violence in their workplaces.

Motor cortex oscillates at its intrinsic post-movement beta rhythm following real (but not sham) single pulse, rhythmic and arrhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation.

We aimed to test the idea that rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) entrains cortical oscillations. To do this, we examined oscillatory responses in the electroencephalogram (EEG) to TMS over primary motor cortex. In particular, we contrasted responses to real TMS with those to sham TMS in order to dissociate the contributions of direct (transcranial) activation and indirect activation (via auditory/sensory input) of the brain.

The Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability.

Rehabilitative interventions involving electrical stimulation show promise for neuroplastic recovery in people living with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). However, the understanding of how stimulation interacts with descending and spinal excitability remain unclear. In this study we compared the immediate and short-term (within a few minutes) effects of pairing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with transcutaneous Spinal Cord stimulation (tSCS) and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) on Corticospinal excitability in healthy subjects.

Two forms of short-interval intracortical inhibition in human motor cortex.

Background: Pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a predominantly anterior-posterior (AP) or posterior-anterior (PA) current direction over the primary motor cortex appear to activate distinct excitatory inputs to corticospinal neurons. In contrast, very few reports have examined whether the inhibitory neurons responsible for short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) are sensitive to TMS current direction.

Objectives: To investigate whether SICI evaluated with AP and PA conditioning stimuli (CS and CS) activate different inhibitory pathways.

Developmental Alcohol Exposure in Drosophila: Effects on Adult Phenotypes and Gene Expression in the Brain.

Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to developmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral changes, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In 2015, the Centers for Disease Control found that 1 in 10 pregnant women report alcohol use and more than 3 million women in the USA are at risk of exposing their developing fetus to alcohol. is an excellent genetic model to study developmental effects of alcohol exposure because many individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly and economically under controlled environmental conditions.

Towards real-world generalizability of a circuit for action-stopping.

Two decades of cross-species neuroscience research on rapid action-stopping in the laboratory has provided motivation for an underlying prefrontal-basal ganglia circuit. Here we provide an update of key studies from the past few years. We conclude that this basic neural circuit is on increasingly firm ground, and we move on to consider whether the action-stopping function implemented by this circuit applies beyond the simple laboratory stop signal task.

Comparative Study of a Continuous Train of Theta-Burst Stimulation for a Duration of 20 s (cTBS 300) versus a Duration of 40 s (cTBS 600) in a Pre-Stimulation Relaxed Condition in Healthy Volunteers.

As variable after effects have been observed following phasic muscle contraction prior to continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), we here investigated two cTBS protocols (cTBS300 and cTBS600) in 20 healthy participants employing a pre-relaxed muscle condition including visual feedback on idle peripheral surface EMG activity. Furthermore, we assessed corticospinal excitability measures also from a pre-relaxed state to better understand the potential impact of these proposed contributors to TBS. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) magnitude changes were assessed for 30 min.

Critical appraisal of different triggering pathways for the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris-A review.

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease with an increased potential for mortality. The epithelium is key in understanding the pathobiology as it is specialized to perform functions like mechanical protection, immunological defense, and proprioception. In order to perform these array of functions, epithelial integrity is important.

Reliability of transcranial magnetic stimulation measurements of maximum activation of the knee extensors in young adult males.

METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSION.