MAP3K4 signaling regulates HDAC6 and TRAF4 coexpression and stabilization in trophoblast stem cells.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) promotes fetal and placental growth and development, with MAP3K4 kinase inactivation resulting in placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. MAP3K4 promotes key signaling pathways including JNK, p38, and PI3K/Akt, leading to activation of CREB-binding protein. MAP3K4 kinase inactivation results in loss of these pathways and gain of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression and activity.

Transfer of and increases 3D growth and invasiveness in recipient cancer cells.

Aim: Extracellular communication via the transfer of vesicles and nanoparticles is now recognized to play an important role in tumor microenvironment interactions. Cancer cells upregulate and secrete abundant levels of and that can alter gene expression in donor and recipient cells. In this study, we sought to identify targets of and and conclusively demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) can be functionally transferred from donor to recipient cells.

The effects of endurance training on muscle oxygen desaturation during incremental exercise tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Minimum muscle oxygen saturation (SmOmin) measured via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a common measure during incremental exercise testing (IET). Our objective was to determine the effects of pre-to-post endurance training on SmOmin (ΔSmOmin) during an IET, using a meta-analysis.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus.

5-Fluorouracil treatment represses pseudouridine-containing miRNA export into extracellular vesicles.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used for chemotherapy for colorectal and other cancers for over 50 years. The prevailing view of its mechanism of action is inhibition of thymidine synthase leading to defects in DNA replication and repair. However, 5-FU is also incorporated into RNA causing defects in RNA metabolism, inhibition of pseudouridine modification, and altered ribosome function.

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles to Activate Retina Regeneration.

Mammals do not possess the ability to spontaneously repair or regenerate damaged retinal tissue. In contrast to teleost fish which are capable of retina regeneration through the action of Müller glia, mammals undergo a process of reactive gliosis and scarring that inhibits replacement of lost neurons. Thus, it is important to discover novel methods for stimulating mammalian Müller glia to dedifferentiate and produce progenitor cells that can replace lost retinal neurons.

Muscle reoxygenation is slower after higher cycling intensity, and is faster and more reliable in locomotor than in accessory muscle sites.

Introduction: Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used during dynamic exercise to reflect the balance of muscle oxygen delivery and uptake. This study describes the behaviour and reliability of postexercise reoxygenation with NIRS as a function of exercise intensity at four muscle sites during an incremental cycling test. We discuss physiological components of faster and slower reoxygenation kinetics in the context of sport science and clinical applications.

Extracellular RNA in oncogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance.

Extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles (EVPs) are now recognized as a novel form of cell-cell communication. All cells release a wide array of heterogeneous EVPs with distinct protein, lipid, and RNA content, dependent on the pathophysiological state of the donor cell. The overall cargo content in EVPs is not equivalent to cellular levels, implying a regulated pathway for selection and export.

and Contribute to Enhanced 3D Growth and Invasiveness and can be Functionally Transferred to Silence Target Genes in Recipient Cells.

Extracellular communication via the transfer of vesicles and nanoparticles is now recognized to play an important role in tumor microenvironment interactions. Cancer cells upregulate and secrete abundant levels of and that can alter gene expression by both cell- and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. We previously showed that these miRNAs activate Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer (CRC) through noncanonical pairing with 5 negative regulators of Wnt signaling.

More than Body Composition: A Darwinian Theory of Somatotype Applied to a DII Track and Field Outdoor Season.

Unlabelled: This study presents somatotype data on a team sport with chronic and diverse sporting demands. The aims were to (1) characterize a somatotype profile for Division II (DII) track and field athletes (n=54) by sex, class, and events; (2) determine if somatotype changed across the season; (3) determine if changes differed based on class or sex; and, (4) assess potential differences in somatotype between sexes.

Methods: Anthropometrics (height, weight, body composition, somatotype) were evaluated after a competitive indoor season and immediately before the outdoor conference championships (41 days).

5-Fluorouracil Treatment Represses Pseudouridine-Containing Small RNA Export into Extracellular Vesicles.

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used for chemotherapy for colorectal and other cancers for over 50 years. The prevailing view of its mechanism of action is inhibition of thymidine synthase leading to defects in DNA replication and repair. However, 5-FU is also incorporated into RNA causing toxicity due to defects in RNA metabolism, inhibition of pseudouridine modification, and altered ribosome function.

Neighborhood Deprivation and Severe Maternal Morbidity in a Medicaid Population.

Introduction: Few studies have examined whether neighborhood deprivation is associated with severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in already socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Little is known about to what extent neighborhood deprivation accounts for Black-White disparities in SMM. This study investigated these questions among a statewide Medicaid-insured population, a low-income population with heightened risk of SMM.

The Additional Effect of Training Above the Maximal Metabolic Steady State on VO2peak, Wpeak and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance-Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Reality Check.

Background: To improve sport performance, athletes use training regimens that include exercise below and above the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS).

Objective: The objective of this review was to determine the additional effect of training above MMSS on VO, W and time-trial (TT) performance in endurance-trained athletes.

Methods: Studies were included in the review if they (i) were published in academic journals, (ii) were in English, (iii) were prospective, (iv) included trained participants, (v) had an intervention group that contained training above and below MMSS, (vi) had a comparator group that only performed training below MMSS, and (vii) reported results for VO, W, or TT performance.

Comparing the reliability of muscle oxygen saturation with common performance and physiological markers across cycling exercise intensity.

Introduction: Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO) demonstrated good test-retest reliability at rest. We hypothesized SmO measured with the Moxy monitor at the vastus lateralis (VL) would demonstrate good reliability across intensities. For relative reliability, SmO will be lower than volume of oxygen consumption (V̇O) and heart rate (HR), higher than concentration of blood lactate accumulation ([BLa]) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).

Open Payments Data Analysis of General and Fellowship-trained Surgeons Receiving Industry General Payments From 2016 to 2020: Payment Disparities and COVID-19 Pandemic Impact.

Objective: To characterize industry nonresearch payments made to general and fellowship-trained surgeons between 2016 and 2020.

Background: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments Data (OPD) reports industry payments made to physicians related to drugs and medical devices. General payments are those not associated with research.

The effect of severe intensity bouts on muscle oxygen saturation responses in trained cyclists.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) quantifies muscle oxygenation (SmO) during exercise. Muscle oxygenation response to self-paced, severe-intensity cycling remains unclear. Observing SmO can provide cycling professionals with the ability to assess muscular response, helping optimize decision-making.

MAP3K4 promotes fetal and placental growth by controlling the receptor tyrosine kinases IGF1R/IR and Akt signaling pathway.

Disruption of fetal growth results in severe consequences to human health, including increased fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, as well as potential lifelong health problems. Molecular mechanisms promoting fetal growth represent potential therapeutic strategies to treat and/or prevent fetal growth restriction (FGR). Here, we identify a previously unknown role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) in promoting fetal and placental growth.

How limitations in energy access, poverty, and socioeconomic disparities compromise health interventions for outbreaks in urban settings.

Low-income households (LIHs) have experienced increased poverty and inaccess to healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic, limiting their ability to adhere to health-protective behaviors. We use an epidemiological model to show how a households' inability to adopt social distancing, owing to constraints in utility and healthcare expenditure, can drastically impact the course of disease outbreaks in five urban U.S.

The Acute Effects of Exercising in Air Pollution: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The acute effects of air pollution (AP) exposure during physical activity have been studied. However, comprehensive systematic reviews are lacking, particularly regarding moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Objective: Our objective was to determine the acute health- and exercise-related effects of AP exposure during a bout of MVPA in healthy individuals.

Beyond technology adoption: Examining home energy management systems, energy burdens and climate change perceptions during COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly changed our lives. While the global impacts of the pandemic are shocking, the implications for energy burdens, climate policy, and energy efficiency are salient. This study examines income differences in the acceptance of and willingness to pay for home energy management systems during the COVID-19 pandemic among 632 residents in New York.

It's Complicated-Adolescent Grief in the Time of Covid-19.

Presently, there is a real possibility of a second pandemic occurring: a grief pandemic. There are estimated to be over 1 million children and young people experiencing bereavement because of Covid-19. Adolescent grief is unique due to bio-psycho-social factors such as increased risk-taking, identity-formation, and limited capacity for emotional regulation.

Resilience of Tropical Ecosystems to Ocean Deoxygenation.

The impacts of ocean deoxygenation on biodiversity and ecosystem function are well established in temperate regions, and here we illustrate how the study of hypoxia in tropical ecosystems can offer insights of general importance. We first describe how mechanisms of resilience have developed in response to naturally occurring hypoxia across three tropical ecosystems: coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangrove forests. We then suggest that the vulnerability of these systems to deoxygenation lies in interactions with other stressors that are increasing rapidly in the Anthropocene.

Structure, development, and functional morphology of the cement gland of the giant danio, Devario malabaricus.

Background: Aquatic species in several clades possess cement glands producing adhesive secretions of various strengths. In vertebrates, transient adhesive organs have been extensively studied in Xenopus laevis, other anurans, and in several fish species. However, the development of these structures is not fully understood.

The effect of bone vibrator coupling method on the neonate auditory brainstem response.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three bone vibrator coupling methods on the neonate auditory brainstem response (ABR).

Design: A repeated measures design was employed. Three coupling techniques were utilised (i.

Density-dependence mediates coral assemblage structure.

Density dependence (DD) controls community recovery following widespread mortality, yet this principle rarely has been applied to coral assemblages. The reefs of Mo'orea, French Polynesia, provide the opportunity to study DD of coral population growth, because coral assemblages in this location responded to declines in abundance with high recruitment and an increase in cover during which recruitment of pocilloporid corals was inversely associated with density. This study tests for DD in this system, first, by describing the context within which it operates: coral cover changed from 46% in 2005, to <1% in 2010 following an outbreak of a corallivorous sea star and a cyclone, and then increased to 74% by 2017, in large part through inverse density-associated pocilloporid recruitment.

Heart Development, Coronary Vascularization and Ventricular Maturation in a Giant Danio ().

Giant danios (genus ), like zebrafish, are teleosts belonging to the danioninae subfamily of cyprinids. Adult giant danios are used in a variety of investigations aimed at understanding cellular and physiological processes, including heart regeneration. Despite their importance, little is known about development and growth in giant danios, or their cardiac and coronary vessels development.