Wearable technology mediated biofeedback to modulate spine motor control: a scoping review.

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a disability that affects a large proportion of the population and treatment for this condition has been shifting towards a more individualized, patient-centered approach. There has been a recent uptake in the utilization and implementation of wearable sensors that can administer biofeedback in various industrial, clinical, and performance-based settings. Despite this, there is a strong need to investigate how wearable sensors can be used in a sensorimotor (re)training approach, including how sensory biofeedback from wearable sensors can be used to improve measures of spinal motor control and proprioception.

The role of diurnal variation in development of musculoskeletal pain during prolonged standing.

Background: Research suggests mechanical changes occur to the body over the course of the day including shrinking of the intervertebral disc height which can increase rotational stiffness and rigidity of the spinal column. Further, pain sensitivity has been observed to fluctuate throughout the day, suggesting variations in pain sensitivity. Previous work has identified biomechanical and neuromuscular features related to the development of musculoskeletal pain during prolonged standing; however, many protocols have not controlled for time of day.