Environmental strigolactone drives early growth responses to neighboring plants and soil volume in pea.

There has been a dramatic recent increase in the understanding of the mechanisms by which plants detect their neighbors, including by touch, reflected light, volatile organic chemicals, and root exudates. The importance of root exudates remains ill-defined because of confounding experimental variables and difficulties disentangling neighbor detection in shoot and roots. There is evidence that root exudates allow distinction between kin and non-kin neighbors, but identification of specific exudates that function in neighbor detection and/or kin recognition remain elusive.

The discrepancy between subjective and objective measures of sleep in older adults receiving CBT for comorbid insomnia.

Objective: To examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on the underreporting of sleep relative to objective measurement, a common occurrence among individuals with insomnia.

Method: Pre-treatment and post-treatment self-report measures of sleep were compared with those obtained from home-based polysomnography (PSG) in 60 adults (mean age = 69.17; 42 women) with comorbid insomnia.

Effectiveness of abbreviated CBT for insomnia in psychiatric outpatients: sleep and depression outcomes.

Objective: To test the efficacy of cogntive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as a supplement treatment for psychiatric outpatients. Comorbid insomnia is prevalent among individuals with varied psychiatric disorders and evidence indicates that CBT-I may be effective for reducing insomnia and other psychiatric symptoms.

Method: The present study randomly assigned 30 psychiatric outpatients (mean duration of treatment = 3.

Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students.

Purpose: To characterize sleep patterns and predictors of poor sleep quality in a large population of college students. This study extends the 2006 National Sleep Foundation examination of sleep in early adolescence by examining sleep in older adolescents.

Method: One thousand one hundred twenty-five students aged 17 to 24 years from an urban Midwestern university completed a cross-sectional online survey about sleep habits that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Subjective Units of Distress Scale, and questions about academic performance, physical health, and psychoactive drug use.

RESEARCH: Cognitive rehabilitation for bipolar disorder: An open trial for employed patients with residual depressive symptoms.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and/or mania along with interepisodic mood symptoms that interfere with psychosocial functioning. Despite periods of symptomatic recovery, individuals with bipolar disorder often continue to experience impairments in psychosocial functioning, particularly occupational functioning. Two determinants of psychosocial functioning of euthymic (neither fully depressed nor manic) individuals with bipolar disorder are residual depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment (i.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: a pilot study.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by depressive and/or manic episodes that interfere with daily functioning. Between 10%-24% of bipolar patients experience a rapid-cycling course, with 4 or more mood episodes occurring per year. Characterized by nonresponse to standard mood stabilizing medications, patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder are particularly in need of effective, adjunctive treatments.