Validation of Artificial Intelligence Computer-Aided Detection of Colonic Neoplasm in Colonoscopy.

Background/objectives: Controlling colonoscopic quality is important in the detection of colon polyps during colonoscopy as it reduces the overall long-term colorectal cancer risk. Artificial intelligence has recently been introduced in various medical fields. In this study, we aimed to validate a previously developed artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided detection (CADe) algorithm called ALPHAON and compare outcomes with previous studies that showed that AI outperformed and assisted endoscopists of diverse levels of expertise in detecting colon polyps.

Validation of Artificial Intelligence Computer-Aided Detection on Gastric Neoplasm in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Background/objectives: Gastric cancer ranks fifth for incidence and fourth in the leading causes of mortality worldwide. In this study, we aimed to validate previously developed artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided detection (CADe) algorithm, called ALPHAON in detecting gastric neoplasm.

Methods: We used the retrospective data of 500 still images, including 5 benign gastric ulcers, 95 with gastric cancer, and 400 normal images.

Cambridge risk score, new hyperglycemia, and complications in surgical patients without diabetes.

Aims: Our study examined the association between the Cambridge Risk Score (CRS), new hyperglycemia (NH), and complications in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, adult surgical patients, without diabetes, with NH (blood glucose ≥140 mg/dL) were identified, and the CRS was calculated. We used univariate regression models to evaluate the relationship between CRS and NH with 30-day readmission, length of stay (LOS), and complications.

Artificial intelligence-enabled non-invasive ubiquitous anemia screening: The HEMO-AI pilot study on pediatric population.

Objective: Determine whether data collected from a smartphone camera can be used to detect anemia in a pediatric population.

Methods: HEMO-AI (Hemoglobin Easy Measurement by Optical Artificial Intelligence), a clinical study carried out from December 2020 to February 2023, recruited patients from the Pediatric Emergency Department, Pediatric Inpatient Department and Pediatric Hematology Unit of the Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. A population-based sample of 823 patients aged 6 months to 18 years who had undergone a venous blood draw for a complete blood count since being admitted to the hospital were enrolled.

Agarose hydrogel-mediated electroporation method for retinal tissue cultured at the air-liquid interface.

It is advantageous to culture the retina and other tissues at the air-liquid interface to allow for more efficient gas exchange. However, gene delivery to these cultures can be challenging. Electroporation is a fast and robust method of gene delivery, but typically requires submergence in liquid buffer for electrical current flow.

CD73 restrains mutant β-catenin oncogenic activity in endometrial carcinomas.

Missense mutations in exon 3 of , the gene encoding β-catenin, are associated with poor outcomes in endometrial carcinomas (EC). Clinically, mutation status has been difficult to use as a predictive biomarker as β-catenin oncogenic activity is modified by other factors, and these determinants are unknown. Here we reveal that CD73 restrains the oncogenic activity of exon 3 β-catenin mutants, and its loss associates with recurrence.

A Cancer Center Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Medicine Clinic: Description of Program and Patient Population.

Background: Cancer survivorship guidelines emphasize Lifestyle Medicine (LM) pillars, including physical activity, healthy eating, restorative sleep, stress management, and avoiding risky substance use. We describe the development and patient population of a multidisciplinary LM clinic in oncology.

Methods: The clinic launched virtually in 2020.

Prescription patterns and symptom relief of antitussives and expectorants in patients with cough: a nationwide study in Korea.

Background: Limited data are available on the prescription patterns and efficacy of antitussives and expectorants for patients with acute and chronic cough. This study examined the use and efficacy of these medications in a nationally representative sample of Korean patients.

Methods: We examined 4,206,016 individuals from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-National Health Information Database (NHID) between 2015 and 2017.

Stature estimation equations from fragmentary long bones based on a modern Eastern Mediterranean assemblage.

Stature estimation is central in forensic anthropology and very important in bioarchaeology. For this reason, several different methods have been proposed, employing different skeletal elements and statistical approaches. A major issue with skeletonized individuals is that their bones are often found fragmented, a taphonomic parameter that limits the application of many available methods.

Imaging the translocator protein 18 kDa within cognitive control and declarative memory circuits in virally-suppressed people with HIV.

Objectives: Virally-suppressed people with HIV (VS-PWH) show heterogeneity in patterns of cognitive dysfunction. To better understand the relationship between the neuroimmune response and cognition, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to image the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). The study examined HIV-serostatus differences in TSPO as well as associations between regional TSPO and select cognitive processes defined using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.

Immunotherapy Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: An Underdiagnosed Cause of Persistent Hypotension in Cancer.

Endocrinopathies following immunotherapy have infrequently been documented in the literature. Adrenal insufficiency is a rare consequence of pembrolizumab immunotherapy, with incidence reported to be between 0.98 and 1.

Regulation of Age-Related Lipid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer.

Unlabelled: Although a lot of effort has been dedicated to ovarian cancer (OC) research, the mortality rate is still among the highest in female gynecologic malignancies. The effects of the aged tumor microenvironment are still being undermined despite age being the highest risk factor in ovarian cancer development and progression. In this study, we have conducted RNA sequencing and lipidomics analysis of gonadal adipose tissues from young and aged rat xenografts before and after ovarian cancer formation.

Impact of renal replacement therapy modality on coagulation and platelet function in critically ill patients: A prospective observational study.

Background: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) may affect coagulation and platelet function in critically ill patients. However, the mechanism and the difference in the impact on coagulation between intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of iHD and CRRT on coagulation and platelet function.

Efficacy of Virtual Visitation in ICU During COVID-19 Pandemic: The ICU Visits Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of virtual visits on the satisfaction of family members and the anxiety and depression of patients in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: A single-center, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: This study was conducted from July 2021 to May 2022, in the Seoul National University Hospital.

The valine-arginine dipeptide repeat protein encoded by mammalian telomeric RNA appears highly expressed in mitosis and may repress global translation.

Unlabelled: Translation of mammalian telomeric G-rich RNA via the Repeat Associated non-AUG translation mechanism can produce two dipeptide repeat proteins: repeating valine-arginine (VR) and repeating glycine-leucine (GL). Their potentially toxic nature suggests that one or both must play a needed role in the cell. Using light microscopy combined with antibody staining we discovered that cultured human cells stain brightly for VR during mitosis with VR staining co-localizing with ribosomes.

Clinical Outcomes and Re-Tear Rates for Partial Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With or Without Biceps Augmentation for Large-to-Massive Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The recent addition of biceps tendon augmentation to partial arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) for the treatment of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears is proposed to improve clinical outcomes and reduce re-tears.

Materials And Methods: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis (5 studies) was to compare outcomes between partial ARCR with (142 patients) and without (149 patients) biceps augmentation.

Results: Partial ARCR with and without biceps augmentation were comparable in pain, function, and range of motion.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes among underweight and normal weight women worldwide: a scoping review.

Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) affects nearly 15% of pregnancies worldwide and is increasing globally. While this growth is thought to be primarily from overweight and obesity, normal and underweight women are affected as well, particularly in low and middle-income countries. However, GDM in non-overweight women remains understudied.

Assessment of Epidemiological Data and Surveillance in Korea Substance Use Research: Insights and Future Directions.

Objectives: Effective data collection and surveillance of epidemiological trends are essential in confronting the growing challenges associated with substance use (SU), especially in light of emerging trends and underreporting of cases. However, research and data are scarce regarding SU and substance use disorder (SUD) in Korea.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review to identify data sources and surveillance methods used in SU research in Korea up to December 2023.