Disparities in Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Heart Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Northern Plains American Indians.

Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in American Indians (AIs). For patients with severe disease requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), AIs have been demonstrated to present with increased risk factors. Guideline-directed medical therapy after CABG effectively reduces mortality and recurrent ischemic events in all patients and is especially important in high-risk populations such as AIs.

Temporal ambiguity of onsets in a cueing task prevents facilitation but not inhibition of return.

Cueing effects, i.e., early facilitation of reaction time and inhibition of return (IOR), are well-established and robust phenomena characterizing exogenous orienting and are widely observed in experiments with a traditional Posner cueing paradigm.

Lactobacilli enhance reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis-inducing signaling.

HO-producing lactobacilli in the vaginal fluid have been suggested to play a potential tumor-preventive role in addition to the control of undesirable microorganisms. As the vaginal fluid also contains a significant concentration of peroxidase that might utilize lactobacilli-derived HO as substrate for HOCl synthesis, a dominant biological role of HOCl in both natural defence systems has been postulated. Our study shows that lactobacillus-derived HO per se is not likely to be beneficial for the vaginal epithelium, as it causes apoptosis nonselectively in nontransformed as well as transformed cells.

Compression of Space for Low Visibility Probes.

Stimuli briefly flashed just before a saccade are perceived closer to the saccade target, a phenomenon known as perisaccadic compression of space (Ross et al., 1997). More recently, we have demonstrated that brief probes are attracted towards a visual reference when followed by a mask, even in the absence of saccades (Zimmermann et al.

Saccades create similar mislocalizations in visual and auditory space.

Orienting our eyes to a light, a sound, or a touch occurs effortlessly, despite the fact that sound and touch have to be converted from head- and body-based coordinates to eye-based coordinates to do so. We asked whether the oculomotor representation is also used for localization of sounds even when there is no saccade to the sound source. To address this, we examined whether saccades introduced similar errors of localization judgments for both visual and auditory stimuli.

Just passing through? Inhibition of return in saccadic sequences.

Responses tend to be slower to previously fixated spatial locations, an effect known as "inhibition of return" (IOR). Saccades cannot be assumed to be independent, however, and saccade sequences programmed in parallel differ from independent eye movements. We measured the speed of both saccadic and manual responses to probes appearing in previously fixated locations when those locations were fixated as part of either parallel or independent saccade sequences.

Perceptual merging contributes to cueing effects.

An uninformative exogenous cue speeds target detection if cue and target appear in the same location separated by a brief temporal interval. This finding is usually ascribed to the orienting of spatial attention to the cued location. Here we examine the role of perceptual merging of the two trial events in speeded target detection.

Inhibition of return across eye and object movements: the role of prediction.

Responses are slower to targets appearing in recently inspected locations, an effect known as Inhibition of Return (IOR). IOR is typically viewed as the consequence of an involuntary mechanism that prevents reinspection of previously visited locations and thereby biases attention toward novel locations during visual search. For an inhibitory tagging mechanism to serve this function effectively, it should be robust against eye movements and the movements of objects in the environment.

Predicting length of stay in patients admitted to stroke rehabilitation with high levels of functional independence.

Purpose: In Ontario, stroke patients with relatively mild functional deficits are admitted to inpatient rehabilitation programmes. Despite apparently minor impairments, many of these patients remain in rehabilitation for prolonged periods of time. The objective of the present study is to identify variables that predict length of stay (LOS) within this population of high functioning stroke patients.