An Environmental Scan of Consumer-Initiated Germline Genetic Testing for Health Risks.

As patient access to laboratory testing outside the clinic grows, health care providers can expect to confront increasing questions about the utility and interpretation of consumer-initiated genetic testing for health risks. We sought to characterize the marketplace diversity of consumer-initiated germline genetic testing options. An environmental scan was conducted to identify germline genetic testing companies that offer testing for at least one diagnosable health condition and are available for purchase by consumers in the US market without a visit to one's health care provider.

Exposure to ethanol leads to midfacial hypoplasia in a zebrafish model of FASD via indirect interactions with the Shh pathway.

Background: Gene-environment interactions are likely to underlie most human birth defects. The most common known environmental contributor to birth defects is prenatal alcohol exposure. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe the full range of defects that result from prenatal alcohol exposure.

Incorporation of Whipstitch Suture in Tibial Interference Fixation Improves Pullout in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Soft Tissue Grafts.

Introduction: Interference screw fixation of soft tissue grafts is commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether including suture material at the graft-screw interface affects ultimate fixation strength of soft tissue grafts using a tibialis anterior tendon allograft model.

Materials And Methods: Forty fresh-frozen human tibialis anterior tendon allografts were fixed to rigid polyurethane foam simulating the tibial tunnel.

Surgical Release of the Pectoralis Minor Tendon for Scapular Dyskinesia and Shoulder Pain.

Background: Pectoralis minor (PM) tightness has been linked to pain and dysfunction of the shoulder joint secondary to anterior tilt and internal rotation of the scapula, thus causing secondary impingement of the subacromial space.

Purpose: To describe outcomes pertaining to nonoperative and operative treatment via surgical release of the PM tendon for pathologic PM tightness in an active population.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.