Zoographics in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: Increasing inclusion of female animals.

We examined the zoographics, or the characteristics of nonhuman animal subjects, reported for the entirety of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) through the most recent complete year (1958-2023). Animal sex in particular was evaluated to determine whether the lack of inclusion of female subjects in other disciplines extends to JEAB. Through systematic coding of all nonhuman empirical articles, we found consistent underreporting of most zoographics and a disproportionate use of male subjects relative to female subjects.

Effectiveness of combinations of active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation, impedance threshold devices and head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review.

Objective: This review summarises the current evidence base for combinations of neuroprotective CPR adjuncts (active compression-decompression chest compressions, impedance threshold devices, and head-up positioning) during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods: A systematic search (PROSPERO registration CRD42023432302) was performed in English on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in August 2023, and repeated in February 2024. All randomised and observational studies (not abstracts) reporting on any combination of the aforementioned CPR adjuncts were included.

Antifibrotic therapy in progressive pulmonary fibrosis: a review of recent advances.

Introduction: Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) is a manifestation of a heterogenous group of underlying interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnoses, defined as non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) progressive fibrotic ILD meeting at least two of the following criteria in the previous 12 months: worsening respiratory symptoms, absolute decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) more than or equal to 5% and/or absolute decline in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) more than or equal to 10% and/or radiological progression.

Areas Covered: The authors subjectively reviewed a synthesis of literature from PubMed to identify recent advances in the diagnosis and characterisation of PPF, treatment recommendations, and management challenges. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances and highlights future directions for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of PPF.

An exploratory examination of delay discounting in women and girls diagnosed with an eating disorder.

Those with eating disorders (EDs) characterized by purging behaviors tend to show more impulsivity than those diagnosed with restrictive eating, who tend to show more compulsivity. Impulsive choice (i.e.

The diagnosis and management of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-related interstitial lung disease: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a significant complication of many systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), although the clinical presentation, severity and outlook may vary widely between individuals. Despite the prevalence, there are no specific guidelines addressing the issue of screening, diagnosis and management of ILD across this diverse group. Guidelines from the ACR and EULAR are expected, but there is a need for UK-specific guidelines that consider the framework of the UK National Health Service, local licensing and funding strategies.

Antibody predictors of mortality and lung function trends in myositis spectrum interstitial lung disease.

Objectives: The impact of autoantibody profiles on the prognosis for idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) and myositis spectrum ILD with myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs) remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study examined whether serological profiles were associated with mortality or longitudinal lung function change.

Methods: The baseline clinical/demographic characteristics and follow-up lung function data of consecutive adult patients with IIM-ILD or interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) positive for MSAs (IPAF-MSA) were extracted from three hospitals.

Education About Specialty Palliative Care Among Nonhealthcare Workers: A Systematic Review.

Context: Despite the expansion of palliative care (PC) services, the public has little knowledge and holds misperceptions about PC, creating barriers to accessing timely specialty PC.

Objectives: To systematically review the evidence regarding the efficacy of educational interventions to improve knowledge and attitudes about PC among nonhealthcare workers.

Methods: We searched five databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CIANHL, Web of Science, and Scopus) for studies investigating educational interventions about specialty PC in adults who identified as patients, caregivers, or members of the public.

Cardiac Arrest Bundle of cARE Trial (CABARET) survey of current UK neuroprotective CPR practice.

Despite low out of hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) survival rates within the UK, animal studies hint at improved cerebral blood flow via a bundled neuroprotective CPR approach. The CABARET study introduces three key devices: the Head Up Position (HUP), Active Compression/Decompression (ACD) CPR, and the Impedance Threshold Device (ITD). A survey involving 27 UK pre-hospital critical care services indicated none are using these interventions widely, either alone or bundled.

End-stage heart failure in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: a multicentre study.

Background And Aims: For patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA), factors associated with progression to end-stage congestive heart failure (CHF) remain largely unclear.

Methods: This multicentre, retrospective cohort study included adults with ccTGA seen at a congenital heart disease centre. Clinical data from initial and most recent visits were obtained.

Stress, coping, and quality of life in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

While research has widely explored stress, coping, and quality of life (QOL) individually and the potential links between them, a critical dearth exists in the literature regarding these constructs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to identify the salient stressors experienced, describe the coping strategies used, and examine the relationships between stressors, coping, and QOL among individuals during the pandemic. Data are from a sample of 1,004 respondents who completed an online survey.

Biomechanical Comparison of Adjustable-Loop Femoral Cortical Suspension Devices for Soft Tissue ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Several new adjustable-loop devices (ALDs) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have not been tested in vitro.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical performances of 5 ALDs under a high cyclic load and forces representative of the return-to-play conditions seen in the recovering athlete.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Low-level lithium in drinking water and subsequent risk of dementia: Cohort study.

Background: Lithium, a mood stabilizer, is known to exhibit neuroprotective effects in animal models and may have anti-dementia effects.

Aims: We used data from Scottish Mental Survey 1932, a population-based cohort study, to investigate the association between lithium in drinking water and dementia rate in humans.

Method: Lithium levels in drinking water from 285 sampling sites across Scotland dating from 2014 were obtained from the sole public water provider (Scottish Water).

Validation of methods to identify people with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies using hospital episode statistics.

Objective: Hospital episode statistics (HES) are routinely recorded at every hospital admission within the National Health Service (NHS) in England. This study validates diagnostic ICD-10 codes within HES as a method of identifying cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).

Methods: All inpatient admissions at one NHS Trust between 2010 and 2020 with relevant diagnostic ICD-10 codes were extracted from HES.

A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Predictors of Mortality in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.

Objective: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) can range from rapidly progressive disease with high mortality to indolent disease with minimal morbidity. This systematic review and metaanalysis describe immunological, clinical, and radiographical predictors of mortality in IIM-ILD.

Methods: MEDLINE and Embase database searches were completed on October 18, 2021, to identify articles providing survival data according to baseline characteristics in patients with concurrent IIM and ILD.

Long-Term Outcomes After Atrial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Background: For patients with d-loop transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with a systemic right ventricle after an atrial switch operation, there is a need to identify risks for end-stage heart failure outcomes.

Objectives: The authors aimed to determine factors associated with survival in a large cohort of such individuals.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included adults with d-TGA and prior atrial switch surgery seen at a congenital heart center.

Virtual Reality for Symptom Management in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) on symptom distress, such as depression, anxiety, and pain, experienced by individuals receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Sample & Setting: 20 participants aged 19-70 years (median age of 56.5 years) who were hospitalized in an academic setting received as many as two sessions of VR per week for two weeks.

Skeletal muscles and Covid-19: a systematic review of rhabdomyolysis and myositis in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objectives: Myalgia is a widely publicised feature of Covid-19, but severe muscle injury can occur. This systematic review summarises relevant evidence for skeletal muscle involvement in Covid-19.

Methods: A systematic search of OVID and Medline databases was conducted on 16/3/2021 and updated on 28/10/2021 to identify case reports or observational studies relating to skeletal muscle manifestations of Covid-19 (PROSPERO: CRD42020198637).

The chameleon rash: a review of the polyphenotypic dermatoses of dermatomyositis.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that is included in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Cutaneous manifestations are a prominent part of the condition: some skin signs in DM are common to most patients, while other signs are encountered infrequently. A number of features are pathognomic for DM.

IL-6 inhibition in the treatment of COVID-19: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Objectives: Multiple RCTs of interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors in COVID-19 have been published, with conflicting conclusions. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of IL-6 inhibition on mortality from COVID-19, utilising meta-regression to explore differences in study results.

Methods: Systematic database searches were performed to identify RCTs comparing IL-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab and sarilumab) to placebo or standard of care in adults with COVID-19.