The role of co-occurring conditions and genetics in the associations of eating disorders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

Eating disorders (EDs) commonly co-occur with other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the pattern of family history and genetic overlap among them requires clarification. This study investigated the diagnostic, familial, and genetic associations of EDs with ADHD and ASD. The nationwide population-based cohort study included all individuals born in Denmark, 1981-2008, linked to their siblings and cousins.

Maternal mental disorders and neonatal outcomes: Danish population-based cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have indicated associations between maternal mental disorders and adverse birth outcomes; however, these studies mainly focus on certain types of mental disorders, rather than the whole spectrum.

Aims: We aimed to conduct a broad study examining all maternal mental disorder types and adverse neonatal outcomes which is needed to provide a more complete understanding of the associations.

Method: We included 1 132 757 liveborn singletons born between 1997 and 2015 in Denmark.

Risk factors for anorexia nervosa: A population-based investigation of sex differences in polygenic risk and early life exposures.

Objective: To examine sex differences in risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method: This population-based study involved 44,743 individuals (6,239 AN cases including 5,818 females and 421 males, and 38,504 controls including 18,818 females and 19,686 males) born in Denmark between May 1981 and December 2009. Follow-up began on the individual's sixth birthday and ended at AN diagnosis, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016, whichever occurred first.

A novel preclinical model of craniospinal irradiation in pediatric diffuse midline glioma demonstrates decreased metastatic disease.

Background: Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is an aggressive pediatric central nervous system tumor with strong metastatic potential. As localized treatment of the primary tumor improves, metastatic disease is becoming a more important factor in treatment. We hypothesized that we could model craniospinal irradiation (CSI) through a DMG patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model and that CSI would limit metastatic tumor.

Effectiveness of educational and behavioural interventions for reducing fear of hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analyses.

Aims: To summarize and critically appraise evidence regarding the effectiveness of educational and/or behavioural interventions in reducing fear of hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Systematic searches of medical and psychology databases were conducted. Risk-of-bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.

Reduced heart rate variability in people with type 1 diabetes and elevated diabetes distress: Results from the longitudinal observational DIA-LINK1 study.

Aims: People with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is a clinical marker for CVD. In this observational study using continuous HRV measurement across 26 days, we investigated whether psychological stressors (diabetes distress, depressive symptoms) and glycaemic parameters (hypo- and hyperglycaemic exposure, glycaemic variability and HbA ) are associated with lower HRV in people with type 1 diabetes.

The 12-Item Hypoglycemia Impact Profile (HIP12): psychometric validation of a brief measure of the impact of hypoglycemia on quality of life among adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the 12-Item Hypoglycemia Impact Profile (HIP12), a brief measure of the impact of hypoglycemia on quality of life (QoL) among adults with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: Adults with T1D (n=1071) or T2D (n=194) participating in the multicountry, online study, 'Your SAY: Hypoglycemia', completed the HIP12. Psychometric analyses were undertaken to determine acceptability, structural validity, internal consistency, convergent/divergent validity, and known-groups validity.

The impact of hypoglycaemia on quality of life among adults with type 1 diabetes: Results from "YourSAY: Hypoglycaemia".

Aims: Research on hypoglycaemia and quality of life (QoL) has focused mostly on severe hypoglycaemia and psychological outcomes, with less known about other aspects of hypoglycaemia (e.g., self-treated episodes) and impacts on other QoL domains (e.

The impact of hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes on parental quality of life and related outcomes: A systematic review.

This systematic review aims to summarize and critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the impact of hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes on parental quality of life. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Inclusion criteria were: 1) quantitative design, 2) included parents of children or adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 3) assessment of hypoglycemia in children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 4) assessment of parent quality of life (or related domains of life), and 5) analysis of the relationship(s) between the child's hypoglycaemia and parents' quality of life.

Therapeutic Targeting of Exportin-1 in Childhood Cancer.

Overexpression of Exportin-1 (), a key regulator of nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport, is associated with inferior patient outcomes across a range of adult malignancies. Targeting XPO1 with selinexor has demonstrated promising results in clinical trials, leading to FDA approval of its use for multiple relapsed/refractory cancers. However, XPO1 biology and selinexor sensitivity in childhood cancer is only recently being explored.

Novel RAF Fusions in Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas Demonstrate MAPK Pathway Activation.

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor in children, and low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common childhood brain tumor. Here, we report on 3 patients with LGG harboring previously unreported or rarely reported RAF fusions: FYCO1-RAF1, CTTNBP2-BRAF, and SLC44A1-BRAF. We hypothesized that these tumors would show molecular similarity to the canonical KIAA1549-BRAF fusion that is the most widely seen alteration in pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), the most common pediatric LGG variant, and that this similarity would include mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation.

Unmet support needs relating to hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes: Results of a multi-country web-based qualitative study.

Objective: Hypoglycaemic episodes and fear of hypoglycaemia can be burdensome for adults with type 1 diabetes. This study explored support needs relating to hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes living in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

Research Design And Methods: Respondents participated in a web-based qualitative study involving four open-ended questions that asked what they wished other people understood about hypoglycaemia and what other people could do differently to support them with hypoglycaemia.

'Never again will I be carefree': a qualitative study of the impact of hypoglycemia on quality of life among adults with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Achieving glycemic targets and optimizing quality of life (QoL) are important goals of type 1 diabetes care. Hypoglycemia is a common barrier to achieving targets and can be associated with significant distress. However, the impact of hypoglycemia on QoL is not fully understood.

The impact of hypoglycaemia on quality of life outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.

Hypoglycaemia is a common barrier to optimal glycaemic management and often feared among adults with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current evidence regarding the impact of hypoglycaemia on quality of life (QoL) and related outcomes. Electronic searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were conducted.

Pediatric high-grade glioma: moving toward subtype-specific multimodal therapy.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) comprise a deadly, heterogenous category of pediatric gliomas with a clear need for more effective treatment options. Advances in high-throughput molecular techniques have enhanced molecular understanding of these tumors, but outcomes are still poor, and treatments beyond resection and radiation have not yet been clearly established as standard of care. In this review, we first discuss the history of treatment approaches to pHGG to this point.

Preclinical and clinical investigation of intratumoral chemotherapy pharmacokinetics in DIPG using gemcitabine.

Background: Hundreds of systemic chemotherapy trials in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) have not improved survival, potentially due to lack of intratumoral penetration, which has not previously been assessed in humans.

Methods: We used gemcitabine as a model agent to assess DIPG intratumoral pharmacokinetics (PK) using mass spectrometry.

Results: In a phase 0 clinical trial of i.

Secondary psychological outcomes in a controlled trial of Emotional Freedom Techniques and cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of food cravings.

Objective: Examining the effectiveness of psychological interventions in treating secondary psychological outcomes of obesity has become prioritized in recent times. The objective of the present study was to compare an eight-week Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) intervention program, in the treatment of food cravings and secondary psychological outcomes among overweight or obese adults (N = 83).

Method: A controlled non-inferiority trial was performed comparing group-delivered CBT to group-delivered EFT.

Generation Validation: The Role of Social Comparison in Use of Instagram Among Emerging Adults.

Social networking sites (SNSs) provide emerging adults with extreme and unprecedented transparency, exposing them to a plethora of opportunities for social comparison. In light of the growing use of the popular SNS, Instagram, among emerging adults, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of exposure to social media-based social comparison information on self-esteem. The study recruited 237 participants through social media.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Emotional Freedom Techniques in Reducing Depression and Anxiety Among Adults: A Pilot Study.

Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) places major depressive disorder (MDD), or depression, as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Some studies have found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) represents the most superior approach in treating mild to severe symptoms. Recent literature has indicated a number of limitations to this therapeutic approach.

Emotional Freedom Techniques in the Treatment of Unhealthy Eating Behaviors and Related Psychological Constructs in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Context: In Australia and throughout much of the world, rates of obesity continue to climb as do the prevalence of eating disorders, particularly in adolescents. Psychological consequences of childhood obesity include low self-esteem, depression, body dissatisfaction, and social maladjustment (Young-Hyman et al., 2012).