Chemoselective modification of turnip yellow mosaic virus by Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and its application in cell binding.

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is an icosahedral plant virus with a diameter of 28-30 nm that can be isolated in gram quantities from turnip or Chinese cabbage inexpensively. In this study, TYMV combined with spatially addressable surface chemistries was selected as a prototype bionanoparticle for modulating patterns of cell adhesion, morphology, and proliferation. We exploited the chemical reactivity of TYMV using the mild conditions of Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, the best example of "click" chemistry.

Cowpea mosaic virus capsid: a promising carrier for the development of carbohydrate based antitumor vaccines.

Immunotherapy targeting tumor cell surface carbohydrates is a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenecity of carbohydrates presents a formidable challenge. We describe here the enhancement of carbohydrate immunogenicity by an ordered display on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsid.

Prototype protein assembly as scaffold for time-resolved fluoroimmuno assays.

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is an icosahedral plant virus with an average diameter of 28 nm and can be isolated in gram quantities from turnip or Chinese cabbage inexpensively. In this study, it was selected as a prototype bionanoparticle for time-resolved fluoroimmuno assay (TRFIA). Two types of reactive amino acid residues were employed to anchor luminescent terbium complexes and biotin groups based on orthogonal chemical reactions.

Turnip yellow mosaic virus as a chemoaddressable bionanoparticle.

Viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) have been demonstrated to be robust scaffolds for the construction of nanomaterials. In order to develop new nanoprobes for time-resolved fluoroimmuno assays as well as to investigate the two-dimensional self-assembly of viruses and VLPs, the icosahedral turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) was investigated as a potential building block in our study. TYMV is an icosahedral plant virus with an average diameter of 28 nm that can be isolated inexpensively in gram quantities from turnips or Chinese cabbage.

A fluorogenic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 3-azidocoumarins and acetylenes.

Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nonfluorescent 3-azidocoumarins and terminal alkynes afforded intense fluorescent 1,2,3-triazole products. The mild condition of this reaction allowed us to construct a large library of pure fluorescent coumarin dyes. Since both azide and alkyne are quite inert to biological systems, this reaction has potential in bioconjugation and bioimaging applications.