Anti-NMDA receptor (A-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune condition often associated with ovarian teratoma. Surgical removal of the teratoma is generally curative, and recurrence is uncommon. A 14-year-old female presented with psychiatric symptoms and was ultimately diagnosed with A-NMDAR encephalitis during a prolonged hospitalization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMan-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) are a class of inorganic fibrous materials that include glass and mineral wools, continuous glass filaments, and refractory ceramic fibers valued for their insulative properties in high temperature applications. Potential health effects from occupational exposure to MMVF have been investigated since the 1970s, with focus on incidence of respiratory tract cancer among MMVF-exposed production workers. The general population may experience exposure to MMVF in residential and/or commercial buildings due to deterioration, construction, or other disruption of materials containing these fibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study assessed trends in depression symptoms, executive function, and their association across age among older adults. Subgroup comparisons were made between older adults meeting and not meeting physical activity guidelines on variables and associations of interest.
Methods: Participants (n = 2473) were older adults ages 60 to 79 from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
The reaction of HO with NO is one of the most important steps in radical cycling throughout the stratosphere and troposphere. Previous literature experimental work revealed a small yield of nitric acid (HONO) directly from HO + NO. Atmospheric models previously treated HO + NO as radical recycling, but inclusion of this terminating step had large effects on atmospheric oxidative capacity and the concentrations of HONO and ozone (O), among others.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe funeral service profession has used formaldehyde-containing embalming solutions for the preparation of decedents since the early 1900s. The available literature regarding funeral director exposure to formaldehyde largely consists of data collected prior to 2000, with most studies reporting task-length exposure concentrations rather than full-shift time-weighted average concentrations. As formaldehyde undergoes review in the U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFatigue is a persistent and debilitating symptom following cancer treatments such as chemotherapy. Recent clinical studies have suggested a common single-nucleotide polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Val66Met (rs6265), may be related to the severity of fatigue following cancer treatment. In this study, we tested transgenic mice homozygous for the human Val66Met BDNF gene and wild-type controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubstance use and mental health problems are associated with academic difficulties among high school and undergraduate students, but little research has been conducted on these relationships among graduate students. The sample consisted of 2,683 graduate students attending two large, public universities. Standard measures were used to collect data on demographic and program characteristics, mental health, substance use, advisor satisfaction, and burnout (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIngestion of ethanol during pregnancy is known to have detrimental effects on the fetus. Although the potential developmental effects of maternal ethanol intake during lactation are less well characterized, public health guidelines recommend avoidance of alcohol or, if alcohol is consumed, to allow for 1-2 h to pass before nursing. A proposal to classify ethanol as potentially harmful to breast-fed children warrants an investigation of the potential adverse neurodevelopmental effects of low-dose ethanol exposure during lactation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOzone is the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane but has a larger uncertainty in its radiative forcing, in part because of uncertainty in the source characteristics of ozone precursors, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic carbon that directly affect ozone formation chemistry. Tropospheric ozone also negatively affects human and ecosystem health. Biomass burning (BB) and urban emissions are significant but uncertain sources of ozone precursors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWildfires are a substantial but poorly quantified source of tropospheric ozone (O). Here, to investigate the highly variable O chemistry in wildfire plumes, we exploit the in situ chemical characterization of western wildfires during the FIREX-AQ flight campaign and show that O production can be predicted as a function of experimentally constrained OH exposure, volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity, and the fate of peroxy radicals. The O chemistry exhibits rapid transition in chemical regimes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Examine the association between personality measures and perceived mental fatigability.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in =1670 men, age 84.3±4.
Formic acid (HCOOH) is an important component of atmospheric acidity but its budget is poorly understood, with prior observations implying substantial missing sources. Here we combine pole-to-pole airborne observations from the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) with chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) and back trajectory analyses to provide the first global in-situ characterization of HCOOH in the remote atmosphere. ATom reveals sub-100 ppt HCOOH concentrations over most of the remote oceans, punctuated by large enhancements associated with continental outflow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone treatment for prostate cancer. Despite the clinical benefits, ADT is associated with multiple adverse effects including fatigue. The goal of the study was to examine metabolomic changes to better understand cancer-related fatigue specific to ADT treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis. College student alcohol use is highly prevalent and primarily occurs in social settings where risk for COVID-19 transmission is heightened. This study explored the associations between alcohol use frequency, quantity, motives, and context with: (i) quarantine due to COVID-19 exposure and (ii) a positive diagnosis for COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use - or use of both substances with overlapping effects - is common among emerging adults and is linked to increased risk for problematic substance use outcomes. The current study identified subgroups of emerging adult SAM users based on their typical alcohol and marijuana use patterns and compared groups on key individual characteristics. Latent profile analysis uncovered four profiles of SAM users (n=522): Light Users (LU; 49.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMPS) has increased on college campuses during the past two decades. NMPS is primarily driven by academic enhancement motives, and normative misperceptions exist as well. However, large, nationwide studies have not yet been conducted to generalize findings more broadly and gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between NMPS and other substance use (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe global oxidation capacity, defined as the tropospheric mean concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH), controls the lifetime of reactive trace gases in the atmosphere such as methane and carbon monoxide (CO). Models tend to underestimate the methane lifetime and CO concentrations throughout the troposphere, which is consistent with excessive OH. Approximately half of the oxidation of methane and non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is thought to occur over the oceans where oxidant chemistry has received little validation due to a lack of observational constraints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe formation of a suite of isoprene-derived hydroxy nitrate (IHN) isomers during the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene affects both the concentration and distribution of nitrogen oxide free radicals (NO). Experiments performed in an atmospheric simulation chamber suggest that the lifetime of the most abundant isomer, 1,2-IHN, is shortened significantly by a water-mediated process (leading to nitric acid formation), while the lifetime of a similar isomer, 4,3-IHN, is not. Consistent with these chamber studies, NMR kinetic experiments constrain the 1,2-IHN hydrolysis lifetime to less than 10 s in deuterium oxide (DO) at 298 K, whereas the 4,3-IHN isomer has been observed to hydrolyze much less efficiently.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction And Aims: Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use is reported by roughly 30% of young adult drinkers. Among SAM users, SAM use days have more negative substance-related consequences than single-substance days. Little information is available about contextual factors contributing to the likelihood of SAM use on a particular day.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: Individuals who engage in alcohol and cannabis co-occurring use are at heightened risk for negative outcomes than individuals who only use alcohol or only use cannabis, but far less is known about implications of alcohol and cannabis co-occurring use for prescription drug misuse (PDM).: This study aimed to (1) identify whether co-occurring use was linked with greater risk for PDM across ages 18-60 and to determine ages at which this association was strongest, (2) determine whether associations remain after controlling for pain severity, and (3) test for gender differences.: Cross-sectional data were from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth behavior researchers should refocus and retool as it becomes increasingly clear that the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic surpass the direct effects of COVID-19 and include unique, drastic, and ubiquitous consequences for health behavior. The circumstances of the pandemic have created a natural experiment, allowing researchers focusing on a wide range of health behaviors and populations with the opportunity to use previously collected and future data to study: (a) changes in health behavior prepandemic and postpandemic, (b) health behavior prevalence and needs amidst the pandemic, and (c) the effects of the pandemic on short- and long-term health behavior. Our field is particularly challenged as we attempt to consider biopsychosocial, political, and environmental factors that affect health and health behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Little is known about whether level of affective arousal (i.e., high vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Clin Psychopharmacol
December 2021
Among young adults, subjective feelings of alcohol's effects often guide risky decision making. The majority of studies measuring subjective effects have used singular indices ("How drunk do you feel?") which limits our understanding of young adults' full range of subjective states and their individual differences in subjective effects language. Toward a more in-depth understanding of the heterogeneity among alcohol users based on their subjective experiences of alcohol's effects, we identified latent classes of individuals based on their self-generated language describing feelings after drinking and compared these classes across demographic and drinking characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is not well understood whether heavy drinking interferes with academics on specific days or if this relationship simply reflects between-student differences. = 736 college students completed 14 consecutive daily assessments during 7 semesters. Days were classified as non-drinking, moderate drinking, heavy episodic drinking only (HED-only), or high-intensity drinking (HID) days.
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