Does cytochrome 2D6 genotype affect the analgesic efficacy of codeine after ambulatory surgery? Prospective trial in 987 adults.

Background: Paracetamol-codeine combination tablet is widely used in pain management after day surgery. For safety reasons, its use has decreased in recent years. Codeine is a prodrug metabolised in the liver by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme to morphine that produces the analgesic effect of codeine.

Combination of perineural and wound infusion after above knee amputation: A randomized, controlled multicenter study.

Background: Post-operative pain after an above-knee amputation is often severe, and in the elderly patients the adverse effects of post-operative opioids are evident. We hypothesized that continuous perineural local anesthetic infusion (CPI) combined to a wound infusion will reduce acute pain and opioid consumption compared to placebo after above knee amputation.

Methods: Ninety-three patients going through an above knee amputation were recruited for this randomized, controlled trial.

Risk-based targeting of adjuvant pregabalin treatment in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background and aims Pain is the most common reason for delayed discharge after day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study investigates a simple five-item questionnaire in evaluating the risk of postoperative pain in day-case cholecystectomy and the efficacy and safety of single-dose preoperative pregabalin on patients with multiple risk factors for pain. There are no previous studies on targeting adjuvant pain treatment based on the individual risk factors like the preoperative state of anxiety, acute or chronic pain, and the expectation of pain in day-case surgery.

Efficacy and safety of epidural, continuous perineural infusion and adjuvant analgesics for acute postoperative pain after major limb amputation - a systematic review.

Background And Aims: Treatment of pain following major limb amputations is often a clinical challenge in a patient population consisting mainly of elderly with underlying diseases. Literature on management of acute post-amputation pain is scarce. We performed a systematic review on this topic to evaluate the efficacy and safety of analgesic interventions for acute pain following major limb amputation.