High secondary attack rate and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household transmission study participants, Finland 2020-2021.

Background: Household transmission studies offer the opportunity to assess both secondary attack rate (SAR) and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time.

Methods: In Spring 2020, we invited confirmed COVID-19 cases and their household members to four visits, where we collected nasopharyngeal and serum samples over 28 days after index case onset. We calculated SAR based on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and assessed the persistence of NAb and IgG antibodies (Ab) against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleoprotein.

Long-term work disability due to type I and II bipolar disorder: findings of a six-year prospective study.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. However, the prevalence and predictors of long-term work disability among patients with type I and II BD have scarcely been studied. We investigated the clinical predictors of long-term work disability among patients with BD.

Predominant polarity in bipolar I and II disorders: A five-year follow-up study.

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) differ in their relative predominance of types of episodes, yielding predominant polarity, which has important treatment implications. However, few prospective studies of predominant polarity exist.

Methods: In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), a regionally representative cohort of 191 BD I and BD II in- and outpatients was followed for five years using life-chart methodology.

Predictors of long-term work disability among patients with type I and II bipolar disorder: a prospective 18-month follow-up study.

Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. However, vocational ability and predictors of long-term work disability have rarely been studied among patients with BD. We investigated clinical predictors of work disability among patients with BD in psychiatric care.

Five-year outcome of bipolar I and II disorders: findings of the Jorvi Bipolar Study.

Objectives: The long-term outcome of bipolar disorder (BD) has been extensively investigated. However, previous studies may be biased towards hospitalized patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I), and generalizability to the current treatment era remains uncertain. In this naturalistic study, we followed a secondary-care cohort of patients with BD.

Predictors of adherence to psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatment in bipolar I or II disorders - an 18-month prospective study.

Background: Poor treatment adherence among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is a common clinical problem. However, whether adherence is mostly determined by patient characteristics or attitudes, type of treatment or treatment side-effects remains poorly known.

Methods: The Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS) is a naturalistic prospective 18-month study representing psychiatric in- and outpatients with DSM-IV BD I and II in three Finnish cities.

Concomitants of family histories of mood disorders and alcoholism in a clinical cohort of patients with bipolar I and II disorder.

We diagnosed 191 secondary-care outpatients and inpatients with DSM-IV BD I or II. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including axis I and II comorbidity, neuroticism, and prospective life-chart were evaluated at intake and at 6 and 18 months. The family history (FH) of mood disorders, alcoholism, or any major psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives was investigated in a semistructured interview.

[Maintenance therapy in bipolar affective disorder].

In bipolar affective disorder, the patients exhibit life-long susceptibility to periodic episodes of depression, mania, hypomania, including mixed phases. Maintenance therapy aims to prevent new episodes of affective disorder and associated self-destructive behavior, to prevent milder symptoms occurring between the actual episodes and to maintain functional capacity. Maintenance therapy is always initiated upon the diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder.

P2RX7 gene is associated consistently with mood disorders and predicts clinical outcome in three clinical cohorts.

We investigated the effect of nine candidate genes on risk for mood disorders, hypothesizing that predisposing gene variants not only elevate the risk for mood disorders but also result in clinically significant differences in the clinical course of mood disorders. We genotyped 178 DSM-IV bipolar I and II and 272 major depressive disorder patients from three independent clinical cohorts carefully diagnosed with semistructured interviews and prospectively followed up with life charts for a median of 60 (range 6-83) months. Healthy control subjects (n = 1322) were obtained from the population-based national Health 2000 Study.

A prospective latent analyses study of psychiatric comorbidity of DSM-IV bipolar I and II disorders.

Objective: To test two hypotheses of psychiatric comorbidity in bipolar disorder (BD): (i) comorbid disorders are independent of BD course, or (ii) comorbid disorders associate with mood.

Methods: In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), 191 secondary-care outpatients and inpatients with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder (BD-I) or bipolar II disorder (BD-II) were evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, with psychotic screen, plus symptom scales, at intake and at 6 and 18 months. Three evaluations of comorbidity were available for 144 subjects (65 BD-I, 79 BD-II; 76.

Differences in neuroticism and extraversion between patients with bipolar I or II and general population subjects or major depressive disorder patients.

Background: Whether levels of neuroticism or extraversion differ between patients with bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and subjects from the general population, or between BD I and BD II patients, remains unclear.

Methods: BD patients (n=191) from the Jorvi Bipolar Study, and MDD patients (n=358) from both the Vantaa Depression Study and the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study cohorts, were interviewed at baseline and at 18 months. A general population comparison group (n=347) was surveyed by mail.

Maintenance treatment received by patients with bipolar I and II disorders--a naturalistic prospective study.

Background: We investigated the adequacy of maintenance phase pharmacotherapy received by psychiatric in- and outpatients with bipolar I or II disorder, including patients both with and without a clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), a naturalistic prospective 18-month study representing psychiatric in- and outpatients with DSM-IV BD I and II in three Finnish cities, we studied the adequacy of pharmacological treatment received by 154 patients during the first maintenance phase after index episode. Information on treatments prescribed during the follow-up was gathered in interviews and from psychiatric records.

Only half of bipolar I and II patients report prodromal symptoms.

Background: Learning to detect prodromal symptoms is a key element of psychosocial treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). However, previous studies have described only prodromes of manic and depressive phases of BD I patients, while information on prodromes in BD II, or other phases is lacking.

Methods: The Jorvi Bipolar Study included 191 in- and outpatients with DSM-IV BD (90 BD I, 101 BD II) in any acute phase of illness at baseline.

Differences in outcome of DSM-IV bipolar I and II disorders.

Objectives: To investigate whether the course of bipolar disorder (BD) type II is more depressive than that of BD I, and, if so, to explore the underlying factors that cause this difference.

Methods: In a prospective, naturalistic study of 191 secondary care psychiatric in- and outpatients diagnosed in an acute phase of BD I or II, 160 patients (85.1%) were followed for 18 months.

Clinical predictors of unrecognized bipolar I and II disorders.

Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is correctly diagnosed in only 40-50% of patients. No previous study has investigated the characteristics of bipolar patients in psychiatric care with or without clinical diagnoses of BD. We investigated the demographic and clinical predictors of the absence of a clinical diagnosis of BD I and II among psychiatric patients.

Early age at onset of bipolar disorder is associated with more severe clinical features but delayed treatment seeking.

Objective: Our aim was to obtain a comprehensive view of differences between bipolar disorder (BD) patients with onset at early versus adult age in a representative study cohort.

Methods: In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), 1,630 psychiatric in- and outpatients were systematically screened for BD using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). A total of 191 bipolar I and II patients with a current DSM-IV episode were interviewed to obtain information about age at onset of mood symptoms, clinical course, treatment, comorbidity, and functional status.

Adequacy of treatment received by diagnosed and undiagnosed patients with bipolar I and II disorders.

Objective: To investigate the adequacy of pharmacotherapy received by psychiatric inpatients and outpatients with a research diagnosis of bipolar I or II disorder, including patients both with and without a clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Method: In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), 1630 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients in 3 Finnish cities were systematically screened between January 1, 2002, and February 28, 2003, for bipolar I and II disorders using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. By using SCID-I and -II interviews, 191 patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorder (90 bipolar I and 101 bipolar II).