Platinum single atoms on titania aid dye photodegradation whereas platinum nanoparticles do not.

The photocatalytic degradation of unwanted organic species has been investigated for decades using modified and non-modified titania nanostructures. In the present study, we investigate the co-catalytic effect of single atoms (SAs) of Pt and Pt nanoparticles on titania substrates on the degradation of the two typical photodegradation model pollutants: Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and Rhodamine B (RhB). For this, we use highly defined sputter deposited anatase layers and load them with Pt SAs at different loading densities or alternatively with Pt nanoparticles.

Enhancement of biocompatibility of anodic nanotube structures on biomedical Ti-6Al-4V alloy via ultrathin TiO coatings.

This work aims to describe the effect of the surface modification of TiO nanotube (TNT) layers on Ti-6Al-4V (TiAlV) alloy by ultrathin TiO coatings prepared via Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on the growth of MG-63 osteoblastic cells. The TNT layers with two distinctly different inner diameters, namely ∼15 nm and ∼50 nm, were prepared via anodic oxidation of the TiAlV alloy. Flat, i.

Ultrathin TiO Coatings via Atomic Layer Deposition Strongly Improve Cellular Interactions on Planar and Nanotubular Biomedical Ti Substrates.

This work aims to investigate the chemical and/or structural modification of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V (TiAlV) alloy surfaces to possess even more favorable properties toward cell growth. These modifications were achieved by (i) growing TiO nanotube layers on these substrates by anodization, (ii) surface coating by ultrathin TiO atomic layer deposition (ALD), or (iii) by the combination of both. In particular, an ultrathin TiO coating, achieved by 1 cycle of TiO ALD, was intended to shade the impurities of F- and V-based species in tested materials while preserving the original structure and morphology.

Flow-through Gas Phase Photocatalysis Using TiO Nanotubes on Wirelessly Anodized 3D-Printed TiNb Meshes.

In this work, for the first time 3D Ti-Nb meshes of different composition, i.e., Ti, Ti-1Nb, Ti-5Nb, and Ti-10 Nb, were produced by direct ink writing.

Gigahertz-Based Visible Light Detection Enabled via CdS-Coated TiO Nanotube Layers.

Detection of visible light is a key component in material characterization techniques and often a key component of quality or purity control analyses for health and safety applications. Here in this work, to enable visible light detection at gigahertz frequencies, a planar microwave resonator is integrated with high aspect ratio TiO nanotube (TNT) layer-sensitized CdS coating using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. This unique method of visible light detection with microwave-based sensing improves integration of the light detection devices with digital technology.

2D FeS Nanosheets by Atomic Layer Deposition: Electrocatalytic Properties for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

2-dimensional FeS nanosheets of different sizes are synthesized by applying different numbers of atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles on TiO nanotube layers and graphite sheets as supporting materials and used as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrochemical results confirm electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media with outstanding long-term stability (>65 h) and enhanced catalytic activity, reflected by a notable drop in the initial HER overpotential value (up to 26 %). By using a range of characterization techniques, the origin of the enhanced catalytic activity was found to be caused by the synergistic interplay between in situ morphological and compositional changes in the 2D FeS nanosheets during HER.

Transcriptomic hallmarks of in vitro TiO nanotubes toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Recently, more accessible transcriptomic approaches have provided a new and deeper understanding of environmental toxicity. The present study focuses on the transcriptomic profiles of green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to new industrially promising material, TiO nanotubes (NTs), as an example of a widely used one-dimensional nanomaterial. The first algal in vitro assay included 2.

Enzyme-Photocatalyst Tandem Microrobot Powered by Urea for Escherichia coli Biofilm Eradication.

Urinary-based infections affect millions of people worldwide. Such bacterial infections are mainly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm formation in the bladder and/or urinary catheters.

Anodic TiO Nanotubes on 3D-Printed Titanium Meshes for Photocatalytic Applications.

In this work, large 3D Ti meshes fabricated by direct ink writing were wirelessly anodized for the first time to prepare highly photocatalytically active TiO nanotube (TNT) layers. The use of bipolar electrochemistry enabled the fabrication of TNT layers within the 3D Ti meshes without the establishment of an electrical contact between Ti meshes and the potentiostat, confirming its unique ability and advantage for the synthesis of anodic structures on metallic substrates with a complex geometry. TNT layers with nanotube diameters of up to 110 nm and thicknesses of up to 3.

Thin TiO Coatings by ALD Enhance the Cell Growth on TiO Nanotubular and Flat Substrates.

The present work exploits Ti sheets and TiO nanotube (TNT) layers and their surface modifications for the proliferation of different cells. Ti sheets with a native oxide layer, Ti sheets with a crystalline thermal oxide layer, and two kinds of TNT layers (prepared via electrochemical anodization) with a defined inner diameter of 12 and 15 nm were used as substrates. A part of the Ti sheets and the TNT layers was additionally coated by thin TiO coatings using atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Atomic Layer Deposition of SnO-Coated Anodic One-Dimensional TiO Nanotube Layers for Low Concentration NO Sensing.

The continuous emission of nitrous oxides contributes to the overall air pollution and deterioration of air quality. In particular, an effective NO sensor capable of low concentration detection for continuous monitoring is demanded for safety, health, and wellbeing. The sensing performance of a metal oxide-based sensor is predominantly influenced by the availability of surface area for O adsorption and desorption, efficient charge transport, and size or thickness of the sensing layer.

Laser-induced crystallization of anodic TiO nanotube layers.

In this study, crystallization of amorphous TiO nanotube (TNT) layers upon optimized laser annealing is shown. The resulting anatase TNT layers do not show any signs of deformation or melting. The crystallinity of the laser annealed TNT layers was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).

TiO Nanotube Layers Decorated with AlO/MoS/AlO as Anode for Li-ion Microbatteries with Enhanced Cycling Stability.

TiO nanotube layers (TNTs) decorated with AlO/MoS/AlO are investigated as a negative electrode for 3D Li-ion microbatteries. Homogenous nanosheets decoration of MoS, sandwiched between AlO coatings within self-supporting TNTs was carried out using atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the AlO/MoS/AlO-decorated TNTs were studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and chronopotentiometry.

Complex cytotoxicity mechanism of bundles formed from self-organised 1-D anodic TiO nanotubes layers.

The present study reports on a comprehensive investigation of mechanisms of in vitro cytotoxicity of high aspect ratio (HAR) bundles formed from anodic TiO nanotube (TNT) layers. Comparative cytotoxicity studies were performed using two types of HAR TNTs (diameter of ∼110 nm), differing in initial thickness of the nanotubular layer (∼35 μm for TNTs-1 vs. ∼10 μm for TNTs-2).

2D MoS nanosheets on 1D anodic TiO nanotube layers: an efficient co-catalyst for liquid and gas phase photocatalysis.

One-dimensional TiO nanotube layers with different dimensions were homogeneously decorated with 2D MoS nanosheets via atomic layer deposition and employed for liquid and gas phase photocatalysis. The 2D MoS nanosheets revealed a high amount of exposed active edge sites and strongly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of TiO nanotube layers.

Amorphous TiO Nanotubes as a Platform for Highly Selective Phosphopeptide Enrichment.

This work reports highly selective phosphopeptide enrichment using amorphous TiO nanotubes (TiONTs) and the same material decorated with superparamagnetic FeO nanoparticles (TiONTs@FeONPs). TiONTs and TiONTs@FeONPs materials were applied for phosphopeptide enrichment both from a simple peptide mixture (tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin and α-casein) and from a complex peptide mixture (tryptic digest of Jurkat T cell lysate). The obtained enrichment efficiency and selectivity for phosphopeptides of TiONTs and TiONTs@FeONPs were increased to 28.

Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoplatelets by Breakdown Anodization.

Herein, the synthesis of BiOCl nanoplatelets of various dimensions is demonstrated. These materials were prepared by anodic oxidation of Bi ingots in diluted HCl under dielectric breakdown conditions, triggered by a sufficiently high anodic field. Additionally, it is shown that the use of several other common diluted acids (HNO, HSO, lactic acid) resulted in the formation of various different nanostructures.

TiO ALD Coating of Amorphous TiO Nanotube Layers: Inhibition of the Structural and Morphological Changes Due to Water Annealing.

The present work presents a strategy to stabilize amorphous anodic self-organized TiO nanotube layers against morphological changes and crystallization upon extensive water soaking. The growth of needle-like nanoparticles was observed on the outer and inner walls of amorphous nanotube layers after extensive water soakings, in line with the literature on water annealing. In contrary, when TiO nanotube layers uniformly coated by thin TiO using atomic layer deposition (ALD) were soaked in water, the growth rates of needle-like nanoparticles were substantially reduced.

Ideally Hexagonally Ordered TiO Nanotube Arrays.

Ideally hexagonally ordered TiO nanotube layers were produced through the optimized anodization of Ti substrates. The Ti substrates were firstly covered with a TiN protecting layer prepared through atomic layer deposition (ALD). Pre-texturing of the TiN-protected Ti substrate on an area of 20×20 μm was carried out by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, yielding uniform nanoholes with a hexagonal arrangement throughout the TiN layer with three different interpore distances.

New Interface for Purification of Proteins: One-Dimensional TiO Nanotubes Decorated by FeO Nanoparticles.

In this work, a high surface area interface, based on anodic one-dimensional (1D) TiO nanotubes homogeneously decorated by FeO nanoparticles (TiONTs@FeONPs) is reported for the first time for an unprecedented purification of His-tagged recombinant proteins. Excellent purification results were achieved from the model protein mixture, as well as from the whole cell lysate (with His-tagged ubiquitin). Compared to a conventional immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) system, specific isolation of selected His-tagged proteins on behalf of other proteins was significantly enhanced on TiONTs@FeONPs interface under optimized binding and elution conditions.

ALD AlO-Coated TiO Nanotube Layers as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The utilization of the anodic TiO nanotube layers, with uniform AlO coatings of different thicknesses (prepared by atomic layer deposition, ALD), as the new electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), is reported herein. Electrodes with very thin AlO coatings (∼1 nm) show a superior electrochemical performance for use in LIBs compared to that of the uncoated TiO nanotube layers. A more than 2 times higher areal capacity is received on these coated TiO nanotube layers (∼75 vs 200 μAh/cm) as well as higher rate capability and coulombic efficiency of the charging and discharging reactions.

Electrochemical Infilling of CuInSe within TiO Nanotube Layers and Subsequent Photoelectrochemical Studies.

Anodic self-organized TiO nanotube layers (with different aspect ratios) were electrochemically infilled with CuInSe nanocrystals with the aim to prepare heterostructures with a photoelectrochemical response in the visible light. The resulting heterostructure assembly was confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). High incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency values exceeding 55% were obtained in the visible-light region.

Atomic Layer Deposition AlO Coatings Significantly Improve Thermal, Chemical, and Mechanical Stability of Anodic TiO Nanotube Layers.

We report on a very significant enhancement of the thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability of self-organized TiO nanotubes layers, provided by thin AlO coatings of different thicknesses prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). TiO nanotube layers coated with AlO coatings exhibit significantly improved thermal stability as illustrated by the preservation of the nanotubular structure upon annealing treatment at high temperatures (870 °C). In addition, a high anatase content is preserved in the nanotube layers against expectation of the total rutile conversion at such a high temperature.

Self-organized double-wall oxide nanotube layers on glass-forming Ti-Zr-Si(-Nb) alloys.

In this work, we report for the first time on the use of melt spun glass-forming alloys - TiZrSi (TZS) and TiZrSiNb (TZSN) - as substrates for the growth of anodic oxide nanotube layers. Upon their anodization in ethylene glycol based electrolytes, highly ordered nanotube layers were achieved. In comparison to TiO nanotube layers grown on Ti foils, under the same conditions for reference, smaller diameter nanotubes (~116nm for TZS and ~90nm for TZSN) and shorter nanotubes (~11.

Atomic Layer Deposition for Coating of High Aspect Ratio TiO Nanotube Layers.

We present an optimized approach for the deposition of AlO (as a model secondary material) coating into high aspect ratio (≈180) anodic TiO nanotube layers using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. In order to study the influence of the diffusion of the AlO precursors on the resulting coating thickness, ALD processes with different exposure times (i.e.