Globe Rupture Secondary to a Spontaneous Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage in a Blind Glaucomatous Eye: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a rare case of globe rupture following a spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage without a predisposing event.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 40-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of episodic eye pain, likely associated with uncontrolled glaucoma, and a spontaneous clot exuding from his right eye without a predisposing event.

Subperiosteal Orbital Hematoma: A Rare Clinical Manifestation of Sickle Cell Disease - A Case Report.

Sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited vaso-occlusive disorder, results in recurrent painful episodes and a variety of serious systemic complications that can lead to severe disabilities and even death. Here, we report a case of a 19-year-old African American patient with homozygous sickle cell trait who presented with right upper lid edema and ptosis, 3 days after his admission to the hospital following a sickle cell crisis. Initially, mistaken as a superinfection in the context of his disease, a diagnosis of orbital abscess was made.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Role of bevacizumab in decreasing the occurrence of vitreous hemorrhage after panretinal photocoagulation.

Purpose: To investigate the beneficial effect of bevacizumab injection one week prior to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on the occurrence of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) following PRP in high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: This was a case-control pilot study conducted on two groups: an anti-VEGF treatment group, treated with bevacizumab injection one week prior to the first PRP session, and a control group of treatment-naive PDR patients who underwent PRP treatment and were not given an intravitreal bevacizumab injection, consecutively recruited. In both groups, a complete ophthalmological examination was conducted prior to PRP and at 4, 9, and 16 weeks following treatment.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety Studies in Rodent Models Support Development of EPICERTIN as a Novel Topical Wound-Healing Biologic for Ulcerative Colitis.

The novel wound-healing biologic EPICERTIN, a recombinant analog of cholera toxin B subunit, is in early development for the management of ulcerative colitis. This study established for the first time the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioavailability (BA), and acute safety of EPICERTIN in healthy and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice and healthy rats. For PK and BA assessments, single administrations of various concentrations of EPICERTIN were given intravenously or intrarectally to healthy and colitic C57BL/6 mice and to healthy Sprague-Dawley rats.

Primary Lacrimal Canaliculitis with clinically detected concretions: One-snip punctoplasty with lateral canaliculotomy vs. punctum sparing canalicular curettage.

Purpose: To compare two distinct surgical techniques in the management of chronic Primary Lacrimal Canaliculitis (PLC) with clinically detectable concretions.

Materials And Methods: Inclusion criteria: Patients presenting with symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of primary lacrimal canaliculitis (PLC) with ocular involvement were gathered. Gomori-Grocott Methenamine Silver test was used for concretion staining.

Acute Bilateral Fixed Mydriasis Caused by Lupini Bean Intoxication.

Lupini beans are legume seeds of the genus Lupinus, consumed in many parts of the world. The main species are Lupinus mutabilis, Lupius angustifolius, and Lupinus albus. The latter is commonly eaten as a snack in Mediterranean countries.

Safety, Efficacy, and Predictive Factors of Conventional Epithelium-Off Corneal Crosslinking in the Treatment of Progressive Keratoconus.

Purpose: To report predictive factors of outcome of conventional epithelium-off corneal crosslinking (CXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus.

Methods: This is a monocentric observational retrospective study conducted at Eye and Ear International Hospital, Lebanon. All patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL between January 2008 and January 2016, with minimal 3-years follow-up were included.

Preclinical studies on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and toxicology of oxfendazole: toward first in human studies.

A 2-week study in rats identified target organs of oxfendazole toxicity to be bone marrow, epididymis, liver, spleen, testis, and thymus. Female rats had greater oxfendazole exposure and exhibited toxicities at lower doses than did males. Decreased white blood cell levels, a class effect of benzimidazole anthelmintics, returned to normal during the recovery period.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: toxicity, toxicokinetics, and toxicogenomics analysis after 13 weeks of oral administration in mice.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a prodrug of tenofovir that exhibits activity against HIV and hepatitis B. The goals of this study were to evaluate the molecular mechanism of TDF-induced toxicity in mice after 13 weeks of daily oral administration (50-1000 mg/kg) by correlating transcriptional changes with plasma drug levels and traditional toxicology end points. Plasma levels and systemic exposure of tenofovir increased less than dose proportionally and were similar on days 1 and 91.

Search for α3β₂/₃γ2 subtype selective ligands that are stable on human liver microsomes.

Selective modulation of specific benzodiazepine receptor (BzR) gamma amino butyric acid-A (GABA(A)) receptor ion channels has been identified as an important method for separating out the variety of pharmacological effects elicited by BzR-related drugs. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that both α2β(2/3)γ2 (α2BzR) and α3BzR (and/or α2/α3) BzR subtype selective ligands exhibit anxiolytic effects with little or no sedation. Previously we have identified several such ligands; however, three of our parent ligands exhibited significant metabolic liability in rodents in the form of a labile ester group.

Biodistribution, toxicology, and radiation dosimetry of 5-HT1A-receptor agonist positron emission tomography ligand [11C]CUMI-101.

Sprague Dawley rats (10/sex/group) were given a single intravenous (iv) dose of CUMI-101 to determine acute toxicity of CUMI-101 and radiation dosimetry estimations were conducted in baboons with [(11)C]CUMI-101. Intravenous administration of CUMI-101 did not produce overt biologically or toxicologically significant adverse effects except transient hypoactivity immediately after dose in the mid- and high-dose groups, which is not considered to be a dose-limiting toxic effect. No adverse effects were observed in the low-dose group.

Toxicogenomics and metabolomics of pentamethylchromanol (PMCol)-induced hepatotoxicity.

Pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMCol), a chromanol-type compound related to vitamin E, was proposed as an anticancer agent with activity against androgen-dependent cancers. In repeat dose-toxicity studies in rats and dogs, PMCol caused hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hematological effects. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanisms of the observed toxicity and identify sensitive early markers of target organ injury by integrating classical toxicology, toxicogenomics, and metabolomic approaches.

Biodistribution, toxicity and radiation dosimetry studies of the serotonin transporter radioligand 4-[18F]-ADAM in rats and monkeys.

Purpose: 4-[(18)F]-ADAM is a potent serotonin transport imaging agent. We studied its toxicity in rats and radiation dosimetry in monkeys before human studies are undertaken.

Methods: Single and multiple-dosage toxicity studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Gene expression analysis reveals new possible mechanisms of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity and identifies gene markers candidates.

Vancomycin, one of few effective treatments against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is nephrotoxic. The goals of this study were to (1) gain insights into molecular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity at the genomic level, (2) evaluate gene markers of vancomycin-induced kidney injury, and (3) compare gene expression responses after iv and ip administration. Groups of six female BALB/c mice were treated with seven daily iv or ip doses of vancomycin (50, 200, and 400 mg/kg) or saline, and sacrificed on day 8.

Microarray evaluation of the Listeria monocytogenes infection and amoxicillin treatment in mice.

By using Affymetrix Mouse Genome Arrays and 20 biological replicates per experimental condition, the predictive value of liver and blood gene expression profiles previously identified was validated as predictive of Listeria monocytogenes infection severity (lethal and nonlethal infection). The ability of these genes to predict the outcome of antibiotic treatment was also assessed. Lethally infected BALB/c mice were treated with amoxicillin at 10 or 20 mg/kg; only the higher dose prevented death.

Preclinical acute toxicity studies and dosimetry estimates of the novel sigma-1 receptor radiotracer, [18F]SFE.

[(18)F]1-(2-Fluoroethyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine ([(18)F]SFE) is a novel, selective, high-affinity sigma-1 receptor radioligand that has been preclinically well characterized in rodents. To support an investigational new drug (IND) application for the first evaluation of [(18)F]SFE in humans, single-organ and whole-body radiation adsorbed doses associated with [(18)F]SFE injection were estimated from rat distribution data. In addition, single- and multiple-dose toxicity studies were conducted in rabbits and in dogs.

Gene expression profiling of mouse host response to Listeria monocytogenes infection.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression profiles in the liver and blood for prediction of infection severity from Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Mice were injected with medium broth (control) or a nonlethal or lethal dose of LM and sacrificed 6 h later. Gene expression changes were determined using Affymetrix MGU74Av2 GeneChips and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.