Altered immunoexpression of DNA polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit (POLD1) in colorectal cancer.

Introduction: The study aimed to determine the immunoexpression levels of polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit (POLD1), a catalytic and proofreading subunit of DNA polymerase delta, in the sections of colorectal cancer (CRC), and to evaluate the significance of POLD1 as a potential prognostic factor in CRC.

Material And Methods: Paired, tumour and non-cancerous tissue samples of the large intestine distant to the neoplasm were collected from the postoperative material of 78 patients who underwent surgical resection of CRC tumours. Polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit protein levels were determined using immunohistochemistry.

Salivary Gland Secretory Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and Genetic Characteristics of 215 Cases and Proposal for a Grading System.

Salivary gland secretory carcinoma (SC), previously mammary analog SC, is a low-grade malignancy characterized by well-defined morphology and an immunohistochemical and genetic profile identical to SC of the breast. Translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25) resulting in the ETV6 :: NTRK3 gene fusion is a characteristic feature of SC along with S100 protein and mammaglobin immunopositivity. The spectrum of genetic alterations for SC continues to evolve.

Cancer in a polyp of the large intestine - an interdisciplinary decision problem.

Large intestine polyps are commonly found during colonoscopies. Pedunculated colon polyps can be totally removed using an endoscopic invasive technique. A problem arises when the pendulated polyp contains cancerous infiltration.

ALK alterations in salivary gland carcinomas.

Salivary gland carcinomas represent a heterogeneous group of poorly characterized head and neck tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ALK gene and protein aberrations in a large, well-characterized cohort of these tumors. A total of 182 salivary gland carcinomas were tested for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the cut-off of 10% positive cells.

Molecular Profiling of Clear Cell Myoepithelial Carcinoma of Salivary Glands With EWSR1 Rearrangement Identifies Frequent PLAG1 Gene Fusions But No EWSR1 Fusion Transcripts.

Myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands is an underrecognized and challenging entity with a broad morphologic spectrum, including an EWSR1-rearranged clear cell variant. Myoepithelial carcinoma is generally aggressive with largely unknown genetic features. A retrospective review of Salivary Gland Tumor Registry in Pilsen searching for the key words "clear cell myoepithelial carcinoma," "hyalinizing clear cell," and "clear cell malignant myoepithelioma" yielded 94 clear cell myoepithelial carcinomas (CCMCs) for molecular analysis of EWSR1 rearrangement using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

The Prognostic Significance of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors (eIFs) in Endometrial Cancer.

Whilst the role of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) has already been investigated in several human cancers, their role in endometrial cancer (EC) is relatively unknown. In the present retrospective study, 279 patients with EC (1180 samples) were included (mean age: 63.0 years, mean follow-up: 6.

High-grade non-small cell lung carcinoma: a comparative analysis of the phenotypic profile in small biopsies with the corresponding postoperative material.

The most recent classification of the lung cancer expanded the diagnostic criteria of its histological subtypes and included its immunophenotypic profile. We performed the study to compare the reliability of selected markers in high-grade non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in the oligobiopsies with the matched postoperative samples. We evaluated expression of p40, p63, TTF1, cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 7, napsin A, desmoglein 3, desmocollin 3 and mucin secretion as detected by mucicarmine staining.

Parotid salivary duct carcinoma: a single institution's 20-year experience.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the treatment results of the parotid gland salivary duct carcinoma (SDC).

Material And Methods: A retrospective clinicopathological analysis of 40 patients treated for parotid SDC in 1996-2015 was performed. The impact of following factors on 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was studied: age, sex, preoperative 7th nerve palsy, skin infiltration, pT, pN, surgical margin, type of parotidectomy and neck dissection, histology (SDC de novo vs.

Aggressive Phenotype of Cells Disseminated via Hematogenous and Lymphatic Route in Breast Cancer Patients.

Intratumoral heterogeneity of breast cancer remains a major challenge in successful treatment. Failure of cancer therapies can also be accredited to inability to systemically eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent evidence points to the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in expanding the pool of tumor cells with CSCs features.

Microbial Lineages in Sarcoidosis. A Metagenomic Analysis Tailored for Low-Microbial Content Samples.

Rationale: The etiology of sarcoidosis is unknown, but microbial agents are suspected as triggers.

Objectives: We sought to identify bacterial, fungal, or viral lineages in specimens from patients with sarcoidosis enriched relative to control subjects using metagenomic DNA sequencing. Because DNA from environmental contamination contributes disproportionately to samples with low authentic microbial content, we developed improved methods for filtering environmental contamination.

Close surgical margin after conservative parotidectomy in early stage low-/intermediate-grade parotid carcinoma: Outcome of watch and wait policy.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the watch&wait strategy for management of patients with close surgical margin after conservative parotidectomy due to early low/intermediate grade parotid carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Out of 78 patients operated on due to primary parotid gland cancer we selected 32 patients with a history of parotidectomy, and preservation of 7th nerve, with negative (≥1mm), but close (≤5mm) surgical margin and who did not receive supplementary radiotherapy due to other indications. Margins ranged from 1 to 3mm (in 27 cases it was 1mm, in 3 cases - 2mm and in 2 cases - 3mm), average 1.

Probability and pattern of occult cervical lymph node metastases in primary parotid carcinoma.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate real probability and pattern of cervical occult lymph node metastases (OLNM) in primary parotid carcinoma (PPC). We carried out a retrospective analysis of 66 patients treated in years 1992-2010 due to PPC, who underwent elective neck dissection (END). In search of risk factors for OLNM, we analysed the following parameters: age, sex, pT-Status, tumour size, skin invasion, facial nerve palsy, tumour fixation, extraparotid extension, localization, grade, histology, intra/periparotid LN metastases (IPLNM).

TTF-1 and PAX5 Are Frequently Expressed in Combined Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a marker of tumors of pulmonary and thyroid origin, and its expression practically excludes diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, TTF-1 expression in combined MCC was recently reported. PAX5 is a marker of B-cell origin that is also expressed in most classical MCC cases; however, its expression was not described in combined MCC.

Histological reclassification of parotid gland carcinomas: importance for clinicians.

Reassessment of histological specimens of salivary gland carcinomas is associated with a change of primary diagnosis in a significant number of patients. The authors evaluated the relation between reclassification/verification of histological diagnosis and the clinical course of parotid gland carcinomas. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of 111 specimens of parotid gland carcinomas operated on during the years 1992-2010 were revised and in some cases supplemented with cytogenetic tests (FISH), to verify the diagnosis and potentially reclassify the tumours.

Immunohistochemical characterisation of molecular subtypes in endometrial cancer.

Four molecular subtypes have lately been established in endometrial cancer basing on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 status: ER+/PR+/HER2+, ER+/PR+/HER2-, ER-/PR-/HER2+ and ER-/PR-/HER2-. The subtypes have shown diversity in terms of prognosis, clinicopathological and molecular characteristics, with ER+/PR+/HER2- and ER-/PR-/HER2+ group exhibiting exceptionally benign and aggressive behavior, respectively. We have further characterized the subtypes in the context of pathways known to drive endometrial carcinogenesis: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway (ERBB/PI3K pathway), TP53 system, and the mismatch repair (MMR) mechanism.

HOTAIR in relation to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells in molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a hormone-related disease, showing highly diverse features of ER/PR/HER2 status-based molecular subtypes. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has recently emerged as a key molecule in many cancers, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated cancer stem cell (CSC) formation, but little is known about its significance in EC. Thus, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of HOTAIR itself in different molecular subtypes of EC and possible links between HOTAIR, EMT and CSC-related markers.

Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma of Salivary Glands: Molecular Analysis of 25 ETV6 Gene Rearranged Tumors With Lack of Detection of Classical ETV6-NTRK3 Fusion Transcript by Standard RT-PCR: Report of 4 Cases Harboring ETV6-X Gene Fusion.

ETV6 gene abnormalities are well described in tumor pathology. Many fusion partners of ETV6 have been reported in a variety of epithelial and hematological malignancies. In salivary gland tumor pathology, however, the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation is specific for mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC), and has not been documented in any other salivary tumor type.

Immunohistochemical Predictors of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients.

Bones are the most common metastatic site of relapse in breast cancer patients and the prediction of bone metastases (BM) risk might prompt developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. The aim of the study was to correlate immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of selected proteins in primary breast cancer with the occurrence of BM. We analyzed expression of proteins potentially associated with BM in primary tumors of 184 patients with metastatic breast cancer (113 with- and 71 without BM).

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in lymph node metastases and primary breast tumors - relation to dissemination and proliferation.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to enhance metastatic abilities of cancer cells, but it remains elusive in clinical samples. Moreover, EMT is rarely studied in lymph node metastases (LNM), thus limiting our understanding of its role outside of the primary tumors (PT). We collected a set of samples including triplets - PT, circulating tumor cells (CTCs)-enriched blood samples and LNM from 108 early breast cancer patients.

Clear cell myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands showing EWSR1 rearrangement: molecular analysis of 94 salivary gland carcinomas with prominent clear cell component.

This study examines the presence of the EWSR1 rearrangement in a variety of clear cell salivary gland carcinomas with myoepithelial differentiation. A total of 94 salivary gland carcinomas with a prominent clear cell component included 51 cases of clear cell myoepithelial carcinomas de novo (CCMC), 21 cases of CCMCs ex pleomorphic adenoma (CCMCexPA), 11 cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), 6 cases of EMC with solid clear cell overgrowth, and 5 cases of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of minor salivary glands. In addition, 10 cases of myoepithelial carcinomas devoid of clear cell change and 12 cases of benign myoepithelioma were included as well.

[Endometrial cancer in young women--clinical and molecular aspects].

Objectives: The aim the study was to compare two groups of endometrial cancer patients (below and above 45 years of age) in the aspect of clinicopathological and molecular data.

Material And Methods: The study encompassed 456 primary tumour samples retrospectively collected from a cohort of endometrial cancer patients, primarily treated by surgery Molecular analysis covered: copy number variations of 10 genes (TOP2A, ERBB1, ERBB2, ERBB3, ERBB4, MYC, CCND1, ESR1, PIK3CA, RAD21) analyzed by quantitative PCR; mRNA expression of 6 genes (SCGB2A2, RAD27, RUNX1, SNAI1, SNAI2, PROM1) analyzed with the use of reverse transcription quantitative PCR; protein expression analysis of 8 markers (PGR, ESR1; ERBB1, ERBB2, ERBB3, ERBB4, TOP2A, pAKT1) performed with the use of immunohistochemistry.

Results: The younger group of patients was characterized by less frequent hypertension (p <0.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands: a new entity associated with ETV6 gene rearrangement.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a recently described salivary gland tumour that harbours the recurrent ETV6-NTRK3 translocation. This is the first series of MASC cases identified in the historic cohort of carcinomas of salivary glands with clinical/pathological correlation and follow-up data. We reviewed 183 primary carcinomas of major and minor salivary glands resected at the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland, between 1992 and 2012.

HER2-positive endometrial cancer subtype carries poor prognosis.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a hormone-dependent, most frequent malignancy of the female genital tract, yet no molecular subtype classification based receptor status (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) has been established so far. Assuming that molecular subtypes might differ fundamentally in EC, we analyzed expression levels of ER, PR, and HER2 with immunohistochemistry and aimed to determine clinical significance of four molecular subtypes: ER+/PR+/HER2+; ER+/PR+/HER2-, ER-/PR-/HER2+, and ER-/PR-/HER2-. The study included 400 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tumor EC samples which covered all stages of endometrial carcinoma, from IA to IVB.

Tumor heterogeneity at protein level as an independent prognostic factor in endometrial cancer.

Intratumor heterogeneity implies heterogeneous protein function, facilitating tumor adaptation which results in therapeutic failure. We hypothesized that tumor heterogeneity at protein level may influence the course of the disease. As a single biopsy might not represent the full biologic complexity of the tumor, we have analyzed immunohistochemically four different cores obtained from each primary tumor within the cohort of 364 patients with endometrial cancer (EC).