The Influence of Surgeon Experience and Subspeciality on the Reliability of the AO Spine Sacral Classification System.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To determine the influence of surgeons' level of experience and subspeciality training on the reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy of sacral fracture classification using the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen Spine Sacral Classification System.

Summary Of Background Data: A surgeons' level of experience or subspecialty may have a significant effect on the reliability and accuracy of sacral classification given various levels of comfort with imaging assessment required for accurate diagnosis and classification.

Home-based wrinkle reduction using a novel handheld multisource phase-controlled radiofrequency device.

Background: In the last decade, energy-based aesthetic treatments, using light, radiofrequency (RF), and ultrasound, have gained scientific acceptance as safe and efficacious for non-invasive treatment for aesthetic skin disorders. The phase-controlled multisource radiofrequency technology (3DEEP™), which is based on the simultaneous use of multiple RF generators, was proven to allow significant pigment-independent dermal heating without pain or the need of epidermal cooling. This study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new handheld device delivering multisource radiofrequency to the skin for wrinkle reduction and skin tightening in the home setting.

Safety and efficacy of a new device combining radiofrequency and low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields for the treatment of facial rhytides.

Background: A distinct trend in aesthetic medicine is the patient's demand for efficient, noninvasive treatments with no downtime. Ongoing with this, these so-called lunchtime procedures are expected to be as safe and painless as possible. A new technique based on a combination of radiofrequency (RF) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) was recently introduced and is supposed to be effective in the treatment of facial wrinkles and virtually pain free.

Light adaptation and color opponency of horizontal cells in the turtle retina.

Chromaticity-type (C-type) horizontal cells of the turtle retina receive antagonistic inputs from cones of different spectral types, and therefore their response to background illumination is expected to reflect light adaptation of the cones and the interactions between their antagonistic inputs. Our goal was to study the behavior of C-type horizontal cells during background illumination and to evaluate the role of wavelength in background adaptation. The photoresponses of C-type horizontal cells were recorded intracellularly in the everted eyecup preparation of the turtle Mauremys caspica during chromatic background illuminations.

Color opponency in horizontal cells of the vertebrate retina.

Chromaticity (C-type) horizontal cells have been studied extensively for more than 40 years since the first recording of such units in the fish retina. C-type horizontal cells are seen in almost every retina of cold-blooded species that contains at least two different spectral types of cone. These cells are characterized by photoresponses of polarity that depends upon the wavelength of the stimulating light.