Exploring the concept of health among adolescents with diabetes using photography.

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the concept of health among adolescents with diabetes. Photography was used to facilitate communication. Participants were given Polaroid cameras with instructions to take pictures illustrating health.

The relationship between female adolescents' oral contraceptive adherence and autonomy.

This exploratory study examines the relation between female adolescents' emotional autonomy and oral contraceptive adherence. The participants were 51 single female adolescents (16, 17, and 18 years old) who had never been pregnant. At the 3-month follow-up, 39 of the subjects (77%) completed the study.

Female adolescents' perceptions of benefits of and barriers to using oral contraceptives.

A study was conducted to describe 12 female adolescents' oral contraceptive perceptions that were considered first independently and then after facilitation by a nurse. A self-administered decisional balance sheet elicited 44 descriptions of oral contraceptive perceptions, and a structured interview elicited 31 additional descriptions. The data were content-analyzed for common elements.

Health behaviors of adolescents who have been diagnosed with cancer.

Many challenges related to the development and diagnosis of cancer are faced by adolescents with the disease. Adolescence is a developmental period for behaviors that risk health. The article describes behaviors that promote and risk health among adolescents who have been diagnosed with cancer.

Keratotomy for astigmatism using an arcuate keratome.

We describe a new system for performing transverse arcuate corneal incisions for the correction of astigmatism. The instrument consists of a conical housing with suction and/or friction fixation to the limbus and two micrometric diamond knives mounted on a carrier that can be rotated by a gear mechanism. The depth, length, and location of the incisions can be predetermined.

The use of photography to explore the meaning of health among adolescents with cancer.

The purpose of this exploratory-descriptive pilot study was to explore the use of photography to examine the meaning of health among adolescents who have been diagnosed with cancer. The sample consisted of 4 adolescents who had been diagnosed with cancer and were attending a weekend retreat. Participants were given Polaroid cameras with instructions to take pictures that illustrated health.

Synthetic epikeratoplasty in rhesus monkeys with human type IV collagen.

Human type IV collagen discs were found to support proliferation and adhesion of rabbit corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture. To assess the biocompatibility of this synthetic collagen for epikeratoplasty, seven eyes of seven rhesus monkeys underwent epikeratoplasty with lenticules made of human type IV collagen. Eye rubbing by the animals expulsed two of the lenticules and caused failure of two to epithelialize completely.

Effect of nurse-client transaction on female adolescents' oral contraceptive adherence.

An experimental study was conducted to test the effect of a nurse-client transactional intervention (King, 1981) on 51 female adolescents' oral contraceptive adherence. Subjects were randomly assigned to a control or an experimental group. Both groups experienced the clinics' contraceptive teaching.

Analysis of retro-illumination photographs for use in longitudinal studies of cataract.

Retro-illumination photography has potential for the monitoring of cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract formation. Variations in the individual illumination results have limited accurate quantification of opacities within such images. We present a new image analysis technique which minimises the effect of uneven and varying retro-illumination.

Corneal wound healing in monkeys after repeated excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

Five rhesus monkey eyes underwent repeated argon fluoride (193 nm) excimer laser myopic photorefractive keratectomy 3 months following an initial ablation that had produced mild subepithelial haze. At 3 months all eyes had development of a dense subepithelial opacity and a thickened epithelium (12 cells, 80 microns) with vacuolization of basal cells, fragmented basement membrane, and a layer of subepithelial fibrosis containing activated fibroblasts. By 6 months the opacity was clearing; epithelium was thinner (50 microns); subepithelial fibrosis was more lamellar.

Computer simulation of arcuate keratotomy for astigmatism.

Background: The development of refractive corneal surgery involves numerous attempts to isolate the effect of individual factors on surgical outcome. Computer simulation of refractive keratotomy allows the surgeon to alter variables of the technique and to isolate the effect of specific factors independent of other factors, something that cannot easily be done in any of the currently available experimental models.

Methods: We used the finite element numerical method to construct a mathematical model of the eye.

[Use of perfluorocarbon solutions in the surgical treatment of posterior luxation of the lens].

Posterior lens dislocations represent 20 to 40% of all lens dislocations. It can occur after trauma. Visual prognosis can be good, but most often there are complications such as glaucoma, retinal detachment and uveitis.

Current status of synthetic epikeratoplasty.

Many of the deficiencies with human tissue epikeratoplasty might be improved by the use of a suitable synthetic lenticule. Potential biomaterials for epikeratoplasty include collagen (types I, III, or IV), collagen-hydrogel copolymers, bioactive synthetics, and coated hydrogels. The biomaterial must be engineered to achieve strict specifications of optical clarity, support of epithelial migration and adhesion, permeability to solutes, and stability to corneal proteases.

Lamellar keratoplasty with the Barraquer microkeratome.

Lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 17 eyes: 6 with corneal opacities following epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, 3 with herpes keratitis, 2 with anterior corneal dystrophies, and 6 others. The Barraquer microkeratome was used for the resection in both the host and the donor. A technique is described to correct major disparities in diameter between the bed and the donor disc.

Healing of excimer laser ablated monkey corneas. An immunohistochemical evaluation.

The healing response of the cornea following excimer laser anterior keratomileusis (a 4-mm-diameter ablation to a depth of 11, 23, or 46 microns) was analyzed immunohistochemically in adult rhesus monkeys. The ablated surface had reepithelialized and the synthesis of type VII collagen (a major component of anchoring fibrils) was evident by 7 days; the reestablishment of a nearly continuous anchoring fibril zone was evident after 12 weeks. Stromal fibroblasts, activated in response to wounding, expressed a fetal antigen for approximately 6 weeks.

Child problem solving competence, behavioral adjustment and adherence to lipid-lowering diet.

Dietary problem solving competence, behavioral adjustment and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) changes were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 55 hyperlipidemic children and adolescents more than 12 months after they had been prescribed lipid-lowering diets. Adolescents who were able to generate multiple ways to cope with dietary temptations described in hypothetical vignettes evidenced better dietary adherence than adolescents who could produce fewer coping strategies. Observation of parent-child interaction during a standard menu planning task revealed that child satisfaction with the diet was positively associated with parental attempts to solicit and reinforce the child's involvement in meal planning.

Music during learning of a tactual-spatial task affects later response generalization.

Equal numbers of men and women learned a finger maze, with half of the subjects initially using their right hands and the other half using their left hands. To reach criterion, subjects receiving music in the ear ipsilateral to the hand used required more trials than did those receiving no music. Furthermore, when the right hand ran the maze, music played to the ipsilateral ear also delayed learning, compared with music played contralaterally.

Corneal wound healing in monkeys 18 months after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

Excimer laser keratomileusis (photorefractive keratectomy, direct corneal ablation) for myopic corrections of 2.00 diopters (n = 1), 4.00 D (n = 4), and 8.

A method for measuring neuroretinal rim area.

A practical method for measuring the neuroretinal rim area (NRA) of the optic nervehead is described. Sequential stereo photographs are taken on 35 mm colour transparencies using a Zeiss fundus camera with Allen stereoseparator. While examining a stereo pair with a pocket viewer the disc and cup margins are traced against the stereo image with a Rotring pen (0.

Wound healing after excimer laser keratomileusis (photorefractive keratectomy) in monkeys.

Laser myopic keratomileusis (photorefractive keratectomy) was performed on 29 rhesus monkey corneas with an argon fluoride (193-nm) excimer laser and a computer-controlled, moving slit delivery system. The 4-mm-diameter central ablation zone ranged in depth from 11 microns (-2 diopters effect) to 46 microns (-8 diopters effect). Corneas were studied for the 9 months postoperatively by clinical slit-lamp microscopy, and periodically with light and transmission electron microscopy.

[Is there a future for the Excimer laser in refractive surgery?].

The refractive surgery concerns all the surgical procedures implicated in the refractive power change of the cornea. Its clinical results are just known, and a new physical procedure is becoming capable to replace surgery: the Excimer laser. Without any instrumental contact with the corneal surface, the laser beam is able to remodel the corneal tissue, and to treat astigmatism, myopia, hypermetropia.