Expansion of stereotactic work envelope using transformation matrices and geometric algebra for neurosurgery.

Stereotactic systems have traditionally used Cartesian coordinate combined with linear algebraic mathematical models to navigate the brain. Previously, the development of a novel stereotactic system allowed for improved patient comfort, reduced size, and carried through a simplified interface for surgeons. The system was designed with a work envelope and trajectory range optimized for deep brain stimulation applications only.

Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase-3 Expression Impacts Ocular Vascular Development and Pathological Neovascularization.

Functional cell death pathways are essential for normal ocular vascular development and tissue homeostasis. As our understanding of necrosis-based cell death pathways has expanded, the inclusion of regulated forms, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, and oxytosis, has occurred. Although the existence of these pathways is well described, our understanding of their role during vascular development and pathological neovascularization is very limited.

Bim Expression Influences Choroidal Endothelial Cell Characteristics and Their Response to Therapeutic Intervention.

In the aging population, choroidal vessels grow through the Bruch's membrane, resulting in a loss of central vision due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). During active neovascularization, CNV is associated with inappropriate levels of apoptosis in multiple cell types, including choroidal endothelial cells (ChECs). Bim is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family.

An original study assessing biomarker success rate in breast cancer recurrence biomarker research.

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Biomarker discovery has led to advances in understanding molecular phenotyping and thus has a great potential for precision management of this diverse disease. Despite increased interest in the biomarker field, only a small number of breast cancer biomarkers are known to be clinically useful.

Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

The error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are components of the event-related potential following an error that are potential mechanistic biomarkers of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The study examined the ERN, Pe, flanker task accuracy, and clinical measures in 105 OCD cases and 105 matched healthy controls (HC) ages 8-18 years. Higher flanker task accuracy in all participants was associated with an increased ERN amplitude and increased difference between Pe and correct positivity amplitudes (ΔPe).

Myositis-associated antibodies predict the severity of lung involvement in adult patients with inflammatory myositis - a cohort study of 70 adult patients with myositis in a single center.

Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) encompass a diverse group of diseases characterized by considerable variability in clinical manifestations, antibody profiles, and responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapies. This study aimed to investigate the association between organ involvement and distinct myositis autoantibodies in individuals with IIM in a single-center cohort.

Methods: Patients with ICD diagnoses M33.

Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Generates Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Related Protein Pathology that Correlates with Neurobehavioral Deficits.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the long-term risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that protein variant pathology generated in brain tissue of an experimental TBI mouse model is similar to protein variant pathology observed during early stages of AD, and that subacute accumulation of AD associated variants of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in the TBI mouse model correlated with behavioral deficits. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury or to sham injury, after which sensorimotor function (rotarod, neurological severity score), cognitive deficit (novel object recognition), and affective deficits (elevated plus maze, forced swim task) were assessed post-injury (DPI).

Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

The error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are components of the event-related potential following an error that are potential mechanistic biomarkers of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The study examined the ERN, Pe, flanker task accuracy, and clinical measures in 105 OCD cases and 105 matched healthy controls (HC), ages 8 to 18 years, with 21 cases having a tic disorder history. Higher flanker task accuracy in all participants was associated with an increased ERN amplitude and increased difference between Pe and correct positivity amplitudes (ΔPe).

Does performing manipulation of nasal bones under local anaesthetic beyond two weeks after injury affect outcomes? A prospective study during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Introduction: ENTUK guidelines recommend that manipulation of nasal bones (MNB) should be performed within 14 days of injury. However, evidence suggests treatment under general anaesthetic remains effective up to 5 weeks after injury. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic leading to delays in referral and limited access to theatre, local practice changed to offer delayed MNB under local anaesthetic.

Accessory head of flexor carpi radialis and abnormal course of the median nerve in the forearm.

Background: The median nerve anatomy and its clinical presentation are crucial for surgeons to consider avoiding iatrogenic injury and performing effective surgical interventions.

Case Description: An atypical presentation of median nerve anatomy proximal to the carpal tunnel was found during cadaveric dissection. The median nerve was located deep to a uniquely double-headed flexor carpi radialis and curved medially around the tendons of the forearm to enter the carpal tunnel superficially.

Implementation of a hotline ("S-T-I-C-K") to expedite management of occupational bloodborne pathogen exposures at an academic medical center: A Process Improvement Initiative.

Previously, blood and body fluid exposures were managed by a visit to the University Employee Health Clinic during normal business hours and the Emergency Department after hours. We implemented the "S-T-I-C-K" program where health care personnel were evaluated immediately after exposure by a nurse-driven 24/7 hotline. Increasing accessibility to care and a simplified process for exposure management led to a significant decrease in Emergency Department utilization and time between the exposure and receipt of post-exposure prophylaxis.

A dynamic atlas of immunocyte migration from the gut.

Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota affects several systemic diseases, possibly by driving the migration of perturbed intestinal immunocytes to extraintestinal tissues. Combining Kaede photoconvertible mice and single-cell genomics, we generated a detailed map of migratory trajectories from the colon, at baseline, and in several models of intestinal and extraintestinal inflammation. All lineages emigrated from the colon in an S1P-dependent manner.

A discrete 'early-responder' stromal-cell subtype orchestrates immunocyte recruitment to injured tissue.

Following acute injury, stromal cells promote tissue regeneration by a diversity of mechanisms. Time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing of muscle mesenchymal stromal cells (MmSCs) responding to acute injury identified an 'early-responder' subtype that spiked on day 1 and expressed a notable array of transcripts encoding immunomodulators. IL-1β, TNF-α and oncostatin M each strongly and rapidly induced MmSCs transcribing this immunomodulatory program.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in foxes with PB2-M535I identified as a novel mammalian adaptation, Northern Ireland, July 2023.

We report cases of mammalian infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.

Descriptive epidemiology of central line-associated bloodstream infections at an academic medical center in Iowa, 2019-2022.

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) increased nationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. We described CLABSIs at our institution during 2019 to 2022.

Methods: This retrospective observational study examined CLABSIs among adult inpatients at an 866-bed teaching hospital in the Midwest.

Implementation of coordinated spontaneous awakening and breathing trials using telehealth-enabled, real-time audit and feedback for clinician adherence (TEACH): a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation often require sedation and analgesia to improve comfort and decrease pain. Prolonged sedation and analgesia, however, may increase time on mechanical ventilation, risk for ventilator associated pneumonia, and delirium. Coordinated interruptions in sedation [spontaneous awakening trials (SATs)] and spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) increase ventilator-free days and improve mortality.

A review of extended coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation duration among inpatients in a tertiary-care hospital-Iowa, 2020-2022.

Of the 2,668 patients admitted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 4% underwent prolonged isolation for >20 days. Reasons for extended isolation were inconsistent with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines in 25% of these patients and were questionable in 54% due to an ongoing critically ill condition at day 20 without CDC-defined immunocompromised status.

Traumatic brain injury in mice generates early-stage Alzheimer's disease related protein pathology that correlates with neurobehavioral deficits.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the long-term risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that protein variant pathology generated in brain tissue of an experimental TBI mouse model is similar to protein variant pathology observed in human ADbrains, and that subacute accumulation of two AD associated variants of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in the TBI mouse model correlated with behavioral deficits. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury or to sham injury, after which sensorimotor function (rotarod, neurological severity score), cognitive deficit (novel object recognition), and affective deficits (elevated plus maze, forced swim task) were assessed at different days post-injury (DPI).

Genetic Variations of ferroportin-1(FPN1-8CG), TMPRSS6 (rs855791) and Hemojuvelin (I222N and G320V) Among a Cohort of Egyptian β-Thalassemia Major Patients.

Unlabelled: Iron overload remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among β-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients. Iron regulatory proteins and their genetic variants together with changes in hepcidin levels in thalassemic patients could affect the disease manifestations. This work aimed to study genetic variations of ferroportin-1 (FPN1-8CG), Transmembrane Serine Protease 6 (TMPRSS6 rs855791) and hemojuvelin (HJV I222N and G320V) genes within a cohort of 97 β-TM Egyptian patients by Polymerase chain reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in comparison to fifty normal control subjects.

Treg cells require Izumo1R to regulate γδT cell-driven inflammation in the skin.

Izumo1R is a pseudo-folate receptor with an essential role in mediating tight oocyte/spermatozoa contacts during fertilization. Intriguingly, it is also expressed in CD4 T lymphocytes, in particular Treg cells under the control of Foxp3. To understand Izumo1R function in Treg cells, we analyzed mice with Treg-specific deficiency (Iz1rTrKO).

BET inhibitor trotabresib in heavily pretreated patients with solid tumors and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

Bromodomain and extraterminal proteins (BET) play key roles in regulation of gene expression, and may play a role in cancer-cell proliferation, survival, and oncogenic progression. CC-90010-ST-001 (NCT03220347) is an open-label phase I study of trotabresib, an oral BET inhibitor, in heavily pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors and relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Primary endpoints were the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose, and RP2D of trotabresib.