Enzyme-Cleavable Polymeric Micelles for the Intracellular Delivery of Proapoptotic Peptides.

Peptides derived from the third Bcl-2 homology domain (BH3) renormalize apoptotic signaling by antagonizing prosurvival Bcl-2 family members. These potential peptide drugs exhibit therapeutic activities but are limited by barriers including short circulation half-lives and poor penetration into cells. A diblock polymeric micelle carrier for the BIM BH3 peptide was recently described that demonstrated antitumor activity in a B-cell lymphoma xenograft model [Berguig et al.

Intracellular delivery system for antibody-Peptide drug conjugates.

Antibodies armed with biologic drugs could greatly expand the therapeutic potential of antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy, broadening their application to disease targets currently limited by intracellular delivery barriers. Additional selectivity and new therapeutic approaches could be realized with intracellular protein drugs that more specifically target dysregulated pathways in hematologic cancers and other malignancies. A multifunctional polymeric delivery system for enhanced cytosolic delivery of protein drugs has been developed that incorporates endosomal-releasing activity, antibody targeting, and a biocompatible long-chain ethylene glycol component for optimized safety, pharmacokinetics, and tumor biodistribution.

Neutral polymer micelle carriers with pH-responsive, endosome-releasing activity modulate antigen trafficking to enhance CD8(+) T cell responses.

Synthetic subunit vaccines need to induce CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses for effective vaccination against intracellular pathogens. Most subunit vaccines primarily generate humoral immune responses, with a weaker than desired CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell response. Here, a neutral, pH-responsive polymer micelle carrier that alters intracellular antigen trafficking was shown to enhance CD8(+) T cell responses with a correlated increase in cytosolic delivery and a decrease in exocytosis.

Control of MicroRNA-21 expression in colorectal cancer cells by oncogenic epidermal growth factor/Ras signaling and Ets transcription factors.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are important regulators of gene expression in normal physiology and disease, and are widely misexpressed in cancer. A number of studies have identified miR-21 as an important promoter of oncogenesis. However, as is true of most miRs, the mechanisms behind the aberrant expression of miR-21 in cancer are poorly understood.

Statins block calcific nodule formation of valvular interstitial cells by inhibiting alpha-smooth muscle actin expression.

Objective: Calcific aortic stenosis, characterized by excessive fibrosis and deposition of bone-like calcified tissue, affects roughly 2% to 3% of the U.S. population over the age of 65.

Substrate properties influence calcification in valvular interstitial cell culture.

Background And Aim Of The Study: Valvular calcification is an active, cell-mediated process that results in significant morbidity and mortality. In standard culture, valvular interstitial cells (VICs) elicit significant calcification as a result of myofibroblast activation, and this limits their use in characterization studies. The study aim was to identify culturing substrates that would suppress atypical VIC calcification, and to investigate culture substrates representing a more physiological system.