Estimated Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Importance: Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in clinical trials. Postlicensure monitoring is essential to confirm these benefits in clinical settings.

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of nirsevimab against medically attended RSV infections in infants and to assess how effectiveness varies by disease severity, dosage, and time since immunization.

Challenges with achieving and maintaining oral cholera vaccine coverage: insights from serial cross-sectional representative surveys in a cholera-endemic community in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Background: We conducted three serial cross-sectional representative surveys after a mass cholera vaccination campaign in Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo to (1) estimate the vaccination coverage and explore heterogeneity by geographic and demographic factors; (2) examine barriers and facilitators of vaccine uptake and (3) describe the changes in coverage over time and predict future coverage.

Methods: We collected data on sociodemographics, self-reported vaccination status, population movement and knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to killed oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) in August 2021, April 2022 and April 2023, approximately 11, 19 and 30 months postvaccination. We compared the characteristics of participants by vaccination status and explored the potential role of population movement as a cause for low coverage.

Estimating the burden of RSV- and influenza-associated hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths across age and socioeconomic groups in New York State, 2005-2019.

Background: Multiple prophylactic products are now available to protect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in different age groups. Assessing the pre-intervention burden of RSV infections across various severity levels and risk groups is crucial, as it provides a baseline for evaluating the impact of these products.

Methods: We obtained monthly time series data on hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and deaths by age group, ZIP code, and cause for New York state from 2005 to 2019.

Cholera Deaths During Outbreaks in Uvira, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10-35 Months After Mass Vaccination.

Our understanding of the burden and drivers of cholera mortality is hampered by limited surveillance and confirmation capacity. Leveraging enhanced clinical and laboratory surveillance in the cholera-endemic community of Uvira, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, we describe cholera deaths across 3 epidemics between September 2021 and September 2023 following mass vaccination.

Enhanced cholera surveillance to improve vaccination campaign efficiency.

Systematic testing for Vibrio cholerae O1 is rare, which means that the world's limited supply of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) may not be delivered to areas with the highest true cholera burden. Here we used a phenomenological model with subnational geographic targeting and fine-scale vaccine effects to model how expanding V. cholerae testing affected impact and cost-effectiveness for preventive vaccination campaigns across different bacteriological confirmation and vaccine targeting assumptions in 35 African countries.

Effectiveness of one dose of killed oral cholera vaccine in an endemic community in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a matched case-control study.

Background: A global shortage of cholera vaccines has increased the use of single-dose regimens, rather than the standard two-dose regimen. There is sparse evidence on single-dose protection, particularly in children. In 2020, a mass vaccination campaign was conducted in Uvira, an endemic urban setting in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulting in largely single-dose coverage.

Estimating the proportion of clinically suspected cholera cases that are true Vibrio cholerae infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cholera surveillance relies on clinical diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea. Suspected cholera case definitions have high sensitivity but low specificity, challenging our ability to characterize cholera burden and epidemiology. Our objective was to estimate the proportion of clinically suspected cholera that are true Vibrio cholerae infections and identify factors that explain variation in positivity.

Capturing the COVID-19 Crisis through Public Health and Social Measures Data Science.

In response to COVID-19, governments worldwide are implementing public health and social measures () that substantially impact many areas beyond public health. The new field of data science collects, structures, and disseminates data on ; here, we report the main achievements, challenges, and focus areas of this novel field of research.

Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States and Other Countries: Descriptive Analysis.

Background: The United States of America has the highest global number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, which may be due in part to delays and inconsistencies in implementing public health and social measures (PHSMs).

Objective: In this descriptive analysis, we analyzed the epidemiological evidence for the impact of PHSMs on COVID-19 transmission in the United States and compared these data to those for 10 other countries of varying income levels, population sizes, and geographies.

Methods: We compared PHSM implementation timing and stringency against COVID-19 daily case counts in the United States and against those in Canada, China, Ethiopia, Japan, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe from January 1 to November 25, 2020.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the overall effects of school-based obesity prevention interventions and effect differences by intervention components.

Background: Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern. School-based interventions hold great promise to combat the rising trend of childhood obesity. This systematic review aimed to assess the overall effects of school-based obesity prevention interventions, and to investigate characteristics of intervention components that are potentially effective for preventing childhood obesity.